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How race becomes biology: Embodiment of social inequality

Gravlee, Clarence C.·2009·American Journal of Physical Anthropology
DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20983
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Abstract

The current debate over racial inequalities in health is arguably the most important venue for advancing both scientific and public understanding of race, racism, and human biological variation. In the United States and elsewhere, there are well‐defined inequalities between racially defined groups for a range of biological outcomes—cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, certain cancers, low birth weight, preterm delivery, and others. Among biomedical researchers, these patterns are often taken as evidence of fundamental genetic differences between alleged races. However, a growing body of evidence establishes the primacy of social inequalities in the origin and persistence of racial health disparities. Here, I summarize this evidence and argue that the debate over racial inequalities in health presents an opportunity to refine the critique of race in three ways: 1) to reiterate why the race concept is inconsistent with patterns of global human genetic diversity; 2) to refocus attention on the complex, environmental influences on human biology at multiple levels of analysis and across the lifecourse; and 3) to revise the claim that race is a cultural construct and expand research on the sociocultural reality of race and racism. Drawing on recent developments in neighboring disciplines, I present a model for explaining how racial inequality becomes embodied—literally—in the biological well‐being of racialized groups and individuals. This model requires a shift in the way we articulate the critique of race as bad biology. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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  • Racism and racialization alters human biology and becomes embodied as a range of health conditions.

    “That racism and racialization, the experience of having a race assigned and being treated differently as a result, alters human biology and becomes embodied as a range of health conditions has been described and discussed at length elsewhere”

    From On race, human variation, and who gets and dies of sepsis (2022) · cites this paper as Gravlee, 2009

  • Humans cannot be sorted into inherent genetic racial groupings.

    “…because humans cannot be sorted into inherent genetic racial groupings”

    From On race, human variation, and who gets and dies of sepsis (2022) · cites this paper as Gravlee, 2009

  • Race is experienced as segregation, opportunity loss and violence that contributes to lowered life expectancy compared to the heirs of colonial power.

    “It is specifically experienced as segregation, opportunity loss and violence that contributes to lowered life expectancy compared to the heirs of colonial power.”

    From On race, human variation, and who gets and dies of sepsis (2022) · cites this paper as Gravlee, 2009

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Metadata

Authors
Gravlee, C. C.
Venue
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2009-02-18
Volume
139
Issue
1
Pages
47-57
ISSN
  • 0002-9483
  • 1096-8644
DOI
10.1002/ajpa.20983
Cited by
625
References
10
Language
en
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)

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