Long term outcomes after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This research examined the long-term outcomes of rehabilitation patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: We examined consecutive records of persons with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury who were discharged from a large rehabilitation hospital in Pennsylvania from 1973 to 1989. We interviewed consenting participants (n = 306) up to 24 years post-injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-rated health, activity limitations, employment, living arrangements, marital status, Community Integration Questionnaire, and use of rehabilitation services. RESULTS: Participants were most limited in activities such as managing money and shopping. Twenty-nine per cent of our participants were working full time. There were significant relationships between activity limitations and residual cognitive impairment at follow-up. Self-rated health was correlated with most instrumental activities of daily living. CONCLUSION: Our findings document health and function in a large post acute TBI population and implications for rehabilitation are discussed.
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Cognitive impairment after TBI has a negative impact on daily living skills, community reintegration, and return to competitive employment.
“There is a significant body of research showing that cognitive impairment after TBI has a negative impact on daily living skills (Colantonio et al., 2004), community reintegration, and return to competitive employment (Cattelani, Lombardi, & Mazzucchi, 2002).”
From NIH toolbox cognition tests following traumatic brain injury: Frequency of low scores. (2017) · cites this paper as Colantonio et al., 2004
Cites
Self-rated health and mortality: a review of twenty-seven community studies.
Idler, E. L., & Benyamini, Y. (1997) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2955359 · Cited by 8,598 · see citing works
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Ponsford, J. L., Downing, M. G., Olver, J., Ponsford, M., Acher, R., Carty, M., & Spitz, G. (2014) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2013.2997 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Nelson, L. D., Temkin, N. R., Dikmen, S., Barber, J., Giacino, J. T., Yuh, E., Levin, H. S., McCrea, M. A., Stein, M. B., Mukherjee, P., et al. (2019) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1313 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Cognitive training for post-acute traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hallock, H., Collins, D., Lampit, A., Deol, K., Fleming, J., & Valenzuela, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00537 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Wilkie, L., Arroyo, P., Conibeer, H., Kemp, A. H., & Fisher, Z. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648286 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Gibbs, K., Wilkie, L., Jarman, J., Barker-Smith, A., Kemp, A. H., & Fisher, Z. (2022) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266388 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
NIH toolbox cognition tests following traumatic brain injury: Frequency of low scores.
Holdnack, J. A., Iverson, G. L., Silverberg, N. D., Tulsky, D. S., & Heinemann, A. W. (2017) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/rep0000145 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Colantonio, A., Ratcliff, G., Chase, S., Kelsey, S., Escobar, M., & Vernich, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Health South Rehabilitation Hospital (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Vernich, L
- Venue
- Disability and Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-03-04
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 253-261
- ISSN
- 0963-8288 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5165
- OpenAlex
- W1975393229
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 5.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Disability and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1f33ag005856-01a1)
- National Institute on Aging (F33 AGO5856-01A1)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS34740-2, R01NS034740)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, moderate to severe TBI, long-term outcomes, rehabilitation, activity limitation, self-rated health, employment, social reintegration, residual cognitive impairment, instrumental activities of daily living, living arrangements, marital status
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Injuries, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Injury Severity Score, Treatment Outcome
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