Climate change and tourism: a scientometric analysis using CiteSpace
Abstract
The interaction between climate change and tourism has been one of the most critical and dynamic research areas in the field of sustainable tourism in recent years. In this paper, a scientometric analysis of 976 academic publications between 1990 and 2015 related to climate change and tourism is presented to characterize the intellectual landscape by identifying and visualizing the evolution of the collaboration network, the co-citation network, and emerging trends. The results show that the number of publications in this field has increased rapidly and it has become an increasingly interdisciplinary research subject. The most productive authors and institutions in this subject area are in Australia, USA, Canada, New Zealand, and European countries. In this paper, we identify the most pressing topics of climate change and tourism research, as represented in the existing literature, which include the consequences of climate change for tourism, necessary adaptations, the vulnerability of the tourism industry, tourist behaviour and demand in response to climate change, and emission reductions in the tourism sector. The paper presents an in-depth analysis of climate change and tourism research to better understand global trends and directions in this field that have emerged over the past 25 years.
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Co-citation patterns and frequency help identify knowledge domains since higher co-citation frequencies between two publications suggest stronger relationships, uniformity of references and collective knowledge.
“Co-citation patterns and frequency help identify knowledge domains since higher co-citation frequencies between two publications suggest stronger relationships, uniformity of references and collective knowledge (Fang et al. 2018).”
From Blockchain technology in the smart city: A bibliometric review (2022) · cites this paper as Fang et al. 2018
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BackgroundAndriamamonjy, A. L., Saelens, D., & Klein, R. (2018) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2018.12.021 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The Tourism Climate Change Knowledge System
Loehr, J., & Becken, S. (2020) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/j.annals.2020.103073 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Alsahafi, R., Alzahrani, A., & Mehmood, R. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15054166 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Willibald, F., Kotlarski, S., Ebner, P. P., Bavay, M., Marty, C., von Trentini, F., Ludwig, R., & Grêt‐Regamey, A. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147054 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“Climate change has been identified as a major threat to winter tourism and its impact on the ski industry has been elaborated in numerous publications (Fang et al., 2017; Steiger et al., 2019).”
BackgroundSustainable finance research: Review and agenda
Singhania, M., Chadha, G., & Prasad, R. (2023) · International Journal of Finance & Economics · doi:10.1002/ijfe.2854 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Hot topics and emerging trends in tourism forecasting research: A scientometric review
Liu, H., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., & Pan, C. (2018) · Tourism Economics · doi:10.1177/1354816618810564 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“, 2017) as well as climate change and tourism (Fang et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMethodInfluences of Climate Change on Tourism Development in Small Pacific Island States
Wolf, F., Filho, W. L., Singh, P., Scherle, N., Reiser, D., Telesford, J. N., Miljković, I. B., Havea, P. H., Li, C., Surroop, D., et al. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13084223 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“determining tourism-related greenhouse (GHG) emissions along the value chain, and issues regarding equity [12,13].”
BackgroundPathak, A., van Beynen, P. E., Akiwumi, F. A., & Lindeman, K. C. (2020) · Environmental Development · doi:10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100556 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Bilias, F., Nikoli, T., Kalderis, D., & Gasparatos, D. (2021) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics9080184 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“The effectiveness of this approach has been shown in different fields, for example in climate change and tourism [15], trends analysis of macrophage polarization research [16] and recently in emerging trends of biochar research and applications [17].”
BackgroundMa, S., Craig, C. A., & Feng, S. (2020) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104105 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Climate change and the future of the Norwegian alpine ski industry
Scott, D. J., Steiger, R., Dannevig, H., & Aall, C. (2019) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2019.1608919 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Bibliometric and visualized review of smart tourism research
Chen, S., Tian, D., Law, R., & Zhang, M. (2021) · International Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1002/jtr.2501 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Knowledge mapping of tourism demand forecasting research
Zhang, C., Wang, S., Sun, S., & Wei, Y. (2020) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100715 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Nodes and links are the building blocks of CiteSpace visualization graphs which use concentric circles of di ff erent colors in a node to denote researches in time slices with networked relationships represented by links (Fang et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA Review on Ecosystem Health Research: A Visualization Based on CiteSpace
Yang, H., Shao, X., & Wu, M. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11184908 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Then, an intellectual scientific structure of co-citation patterns viewed over a period of time is indicative of the mechanism of specialty development [21].”
BackgroundMethodFuture Holiday Climate Index (HCI) Performance of Urban and Beach Destinations in the Mediterranean
Demiroglu, O. C., Saygili-Araci, F. S., Paçal, A., Hall, C. M., & Kurnaz, M. L. (2020) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos11090911 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Mapping the Research Landscape of Nature-Based Solutions in Urbanism
Li, L., Cheshmehzangi, A., Chan, F. K. S., & Ives, C. D. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13073876 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“The most cited articles were usually regarded as landmarks because of their ground-breaking contributions [68].”
BackgroundÁvila-Robinson, A., & Wakabayashi, N. (2018) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.06.005 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Projected impacts of climate change on tourism in the Canary Islands
Carrillo, J., González, A., Pérez, J. C., Expósito, F. J., & Díaz, J. P. (2022) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-022-01880-9 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Wang, Y., & Li, C. (2022) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104527 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Plastic and sustainability: a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace
Zhang, J., Quoquab, F., & Mohammad, J. (2023) · Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research · doi:10.1108/agjsr-10-2022-0225 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
A scientometric review of pro-poor tourism research: Visualization and analysis
Yu, L., Wang, G., & Marcouiller, D. W. (2019) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2019.02.005 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Cai, M., An, C., & Guy, C. (2021) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111317 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Right to A Clean Environment: Considering Green Logistics and Sustainable Tourism
Perkumienė, D., Pranskūnienė, R., Vienažindienė, M., & Grigienė, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17093254 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Huang, G. I., Karl, M., Wong, I. A., & Law, R. (2022) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104686 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Mapping global research related to international students: a scientometric review
Jing, X., Ghosh, R., Sun, Z. H., & Liu, Q. (2020) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-019-00489-y · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Zuo, Z., Cheng, J., Guo, H., & Li, Y. (2021) · Resources Policy · doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102372 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Mapping the oil price-stock market nexus researches: A scientometric review
Lin, B., & Su, T. (2020) · International Review of Economics & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.iref.2020.01.007 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Monz, C., Gutzwiller, K. J., Hausner, V. H., Brunson, M. W., Buckley, R., & Pickering, C. M. (2020) · AMBIO · doi:10.1007/s13280-020-01403-y · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Assessing climate change impacts on tourism demand in Turkey
Oğur, A. A., & Baycan, T. (2022) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-022-02135-7 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“The interaction between climate change and tourism has gained prominence in tourism discourse (Scott et al., 2012; Weir, 2017; Fang et al., 2018), with increased awareness of the potential impacts of climate change on the tourism sector (Gössling and Scott, 2018).”
BackgroundThe Impact of COVID-19 on the Sustainable Development Goals: Achievements and Expectations
Martín-Blanco, C., Zamorano, M., Lizárraga, C., & Moreno, V. M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192316266 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“This allows us to analyze the evolution of the topics covered in research papers [77], creating a picture of the line of research [78].”
BackgroundA scientometric review of tourism carrying capacity research: Cooperation, hotspots, and prospect
Li, J., Weng, G., Pan, Y., Li, C., & Ning, W. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129278 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Liu, C., Liu, Z., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Fang, R., Li, F., & Zhang, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00091 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Compared with other visualization tools, Citespace improves the clarity and interpretability of visualizations, which helps users reduce cognitive burden to find vital trends and pivotal points in a knowledge structure (25, 32, 33).”
BackgroundMethodResilient City: Characterization, Challenges and Outlooks
Wu, C., Cenci, J., Wang, W., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings12050516 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“The distribution of issuing journals can more effectively represent the attention and influence of RC research in relevant publications and provide resources for scholars [40].”
BackgroundRelational bibliometrics for hospitality and tourism research: A best practice guide
Köseoğlu, M. A., Yick, M. Y. Y., King, B. E. M., & Arıcı, H. E. (2022) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.07.002 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
IoT-enabled technologies for controlling COVID-19 Spread: A scientometric analysis using CiteSpace
Kumar, D., Sood, S. K., & Rawat, K. S. (2023) · Internet of Things · doi:10.1016/j.iot.2023.100863 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Where has carbon footprint research gone?
Chen, R., Zhang, R., & Han, H. (2020) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106882 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Nature-Based Solutions in Tourism: A Review of the Literature and Conceptualization
Panchapakesan, P., Ramakrishna, S., & Rasoolimanesh, S. M. (2019) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348019890052 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Mapping Knowledge in the Economic Areas of Green Building Using Scientometric Analysis
Xue, X., Skitmore, M., Li, H., & Xia, B. (2019) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en12153011 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Terms including economics and the market represent a group of studies that mainly focus on market demand and financial returns, including the rental and sale price premium [25,64,65,74].”
BackgroundDube, K., & Nhamo, G. (2020) · African Geographical Review · doi:10.1080/19376812.2020.1777437 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“There is consensus amongst academics that there is a lack of climate research on tourism and climate change in the African region, and rhetoric skepticism that hampers climate change action by tour operators globally (Fang et al., 2018; Pandy, 2017; Scott, 2011).”
BackgroundYan, B., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.809044 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Digital tourism research: a bibliometric visualisation review (2002–2023) and research agenda
Li, Z., Huo, M., Huo, T., & Luo, H. (2023) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-03-2023-0176 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Digitalization as a way forward: A bibliometric analysis of 20 Years of servitization research
Zhou, C., & Song, W. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126943 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
A Survey of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Applications for Flash Floods
Ding, L., Ma, L., Li, L., Liu, C., Li, N., Yang, Z., Yao, Y., & Lü, H. (2021) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs13091818 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Mushawemhuka, W. J., Rogerson, J. M., & Saarinen, J. (2018) · Bulletin of Geography Socio-economic series · doi:10.2478/bog-2018-0034 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“The relationship between tourism and climate change has been researched for a relatively long time (see Hall, 2008; Becken, 2013; Pang et al., 2013; Scott et al., 2013; Fang et al., 2018).”
BackgroundThe Weather-Proximity-Cognition (WPC) framework: A camping, weather, and climate change case
Craig, C. A. (2019) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2019.06.005 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
3-D Printing Technologies From Infancy to Recent Times: A Scientometric Review
Sood, S. K., Rawat, K. S., & Sharma, G. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.2021.3134128 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Based on the computation and determination of each type of label [59], candidate words determining the key idea of each cluster are represented by the LLR algorithm.”
MethodModelling the effect of weather on tourism: does it vary across seasons?
Martínez, C. M., Alvarez, A. M., & Baños-Pino, J. F. (2021) · Tourism Geographies · doi:10.1080/14616688.2020.1868019 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Additionally, since climate change is creating new challenges, it is also important for policymakers to study the effect of the average weather conditions and weather variability on tourist flows over a span of time (Becken, 2013a; Fang et al., 2018).”
BackgroundThe Application of Genetic Algorithm in Land Use Optimization Research: A Review
Ding, X., Zheng, M., & Zheng, X. (2021) · Land · doi:10.3390/land10050526 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“In recent years, the bibliometric analysis has been widely used in many fields, such as global research on climate change, remoting sensing, and artificial intelligence, etc. [26–28].”
MethodSustainable Agricultural Systems: A Bibliometrics Analysis of Ecological Modernization Approach
Rocchi, L., Boggia, A., & Paolotti, L. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12229635 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“During the last years, several authors applied CiteSpace to very different fields such as rural landscape [19], climate change and tourism [20] or freshwater pollution by microplastics [21].”
BackgroundMiravet, D., Domènech, A., & Gutiérrez, A. (2021) · Travel Behaviour and Society · doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2021.01.007 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Global Long-Term Care Research: A Scientometric Review
Fu, L., Sun, Z. H., He, L., Liu, F., & Jing, X. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16122077 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Collaboration analysis takes authors’ names, countries of affiliation, and institutional affiliation as the units of analysis and evaluates their publication contributions and academic influences by visualizing scientific collaboration networks [26,29,32].”
BackgroundIt’s so hot: predicting climate change effects on urban tourists’ time–space experience
Caldeira, A. M. D. A., & Kastenholz, E. (2018) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2018.1478840 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Several weather-related indices, including tourism-specific ones, have been created to measure individual physiological comfort (Fang et al., 2018), which does not depend only on air temperature.”
BackgroundPestana, M. H. D. A. P. E., Sánchez, A. V., & Moutinho, L. (2019) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2019.07.006 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Exploring development and evolutionary trends in carbon offset research: a bibliometric perspective
Wei, J., Zhao, K., Zhang, L., Yang, R., & Wang, M. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-12908-8 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“…functional advantages including data visualization (Chen 2006), identifying burst terms (Li et al. 2020), and forecasting new research trends (Fang et al. 2017), has been widely accepted as a popular research instrument for quantitative literature analysis (Chen 2012; Hong et al. 2020);…”
BackgroundGraphene-Based Membranes for Water Desalination: A Literature Review and Content Analysis
Dai, Y., Liu, M., Li, J., Kang, N., Ahmed, A., Zong, Y., Tu, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, P., & Liu, X. (2022) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym14194246 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Smith, T., & Fitchett, J. M. (2020) · African Journal of Range and Forage Science · doi:10.2989/10220119.2019.1700162 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review of Tourism Destination Resilience Research
Wang, T., Yang, Z., Chen, X., & Han, F. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095562 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“CiteSpace has been widely adopted by researchers from various fields for its powerful features and effective visualization [15–17].”
MethodBauman, M. J., Yuan, J. J., & Williams, H. A. (2019) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2019.1681944 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The Ski Climate Index (SCI): fuzzification and a regional climate modeling application for Turkey
Demiroglu, O. C., Turp, M. T., Kurnaz, M. L., & Abegg, B. (2020) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-020-01991-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
20 years of Nordic climate change crisis and tourism research: a review and future research agenda
Hall, C. M., & Saarinen, J. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism · doi:10.1080/15022250.2020.1823248 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Local food research: a bibliometric review using Citespace II (1970–2020)
Şahin, A., & Yılmaz, G. (2021) · Library Hi Tech · doi:10.1108/lht-07-2021-0227 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Penagos-Londoño, G. I., Rodriguez–Sanchez, C., Ruiz-Moreno, F., & Torres, E. (2021) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100532 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Evolution and Emerging Trends of Kansei Engineering: A Visual Analysis Based on CiteSpace
Lin, S., Shen, T., & Guo, W. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3102606 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Knowledge mapping is a newly evolving interdisciplinary area of science for charting, mining, analyzing, sorting, and displaying knowledge [31], [32].”
BackgroundSmall island developing states, tourism and climate change
Wolf, F., Moncada, S., Surroop, D., Shah, K. U., Raghoo, P., Scherle, N., Reiser, D., Telesford, J. N., Roberts, S., Havea, P. H., et al. (2022) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2022.2112203 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“A geographical analytical imbalance, sound methodologies for determining tourism-related GHG (GHG) emissions along the entire tourism value chain, and equity concerns are some remaining further gaps at the nexus of climate change and tourism (Fang et al., 2018; Grimm et al., 2018).”
Pandy, W. R. (2019) · Urbani izziv · doi:10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-supplement-015 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Further, across several international reviews of research around tourism and climate change it is recorded that minimal if any acknowledgement is given to urban issues (see eg. Hall, 2008; Becken, 2013; Pang et al., 2013; Kaján & Saarinen, 2013; Fang et al., 2018; Hall, 2018).”
BackgroundPast, Present, and Future of Virtual Water and Water Footprint
Ma, W., Opp, C., & Yang, D. (2020) · Water · doi:10.3390/w12113068 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Health tourism in China: a 40-year bibliometric analysis
Zhong, L., Sun, S., Law, R., Li, X., & Deng, B. (2022) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-03-2022-0112 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Meseguer-Sánchez, V., Gálvez‐Sánchez, F. J., Moreno, V. M., & de Bobadilla, G. W. F. (2021) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2021.704387 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Yıldırım, G., Rahman, A., & Singh, V. P. (2022) · Water · doi:10.3390/w14020253 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Zhang, J., & Quoquab, F. (2022) · Journal of Tourism Futures · doi:10.1108/jtf-03-2022-0101 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Yang, K. H., & Thoo, A. C. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15021105 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sahahiri, R. M., Griffin, A. L., & Sun, Q. C. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15032678 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Tourism climatology: past, present, and future
Rutty, M., Steiger, R., Demiroglu, O. C., & Perkins, D. R. (2021) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-020-02070-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Li, Y., Du, Q., Zhang, J., Jiang, Y., Zhou, J., & Ye, Z. (2023) · Developments in the Built Environment · doi:10.1016/j.dibe.2023.100149 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fang, Y., Yin, J., & Wu, B.
- Affiliations
- International Center for Recreation and Tourism Research, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- East China Normal University (CN)
- Peking University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Bihu
- ORCID
- Yin, Jie
- Venue
- Journal of Sustainable Tourism
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-05-30
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 108-126
- ISSN
- 0966-9582 (ISSN-L)
- 1747-7646
- OpenAlex
- W2620402730
- Cited by
- 405
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 56.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Sustainable Tourism (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271151)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change Communication and Perception
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Keywords
- climate change, tourism, sustainable tourism, climate change impacts on tourism, tourism adaptation, tourism vulnerability, tourist behavior, research trends, collaboration networks, co-citation networks
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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