The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Food-Grade Nanoemulsions: Formulation, Fabrication, Properties, Performance, Biological Fate, and Potential Toxicity
Abstract
Nanoemulsions fabricated from food-grade ingredients are being increasingly utilized in the food industry to encapsulate, protect, and deliver lipophilic functional components, such as biologically-active lipids (e.g., ω-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid) and oil-soluble flavors, vitamins, preservatives, and nutraceuticals. The small size of the particles in nanoemulsions (r<100 nm) means that they have a number of potential advantages over conventional emulsions-higher stability to droplet aggregation and gravitational separation, high optical clarity, ability to modulate product texture, and, increased bioavailability of lipophilic components. On the other hand, there may also be some risks associated with the oral ingestion of nanoemulsions, such as their ability to change the biological fate of bioactive components within the gastrointestinal tract and the potential toxicity of some of the components used in their fabrication. This review article provides an overview of the current status of nanoemulsion formulation, fabrication, properties, applications, biological fate, and potential toxicity with emphasis on systems suitable for utilization within the food and beverage industry.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Sahay, G., Alakhova, D. Y., & Kabanov, A. V. (2010) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.01.036 · Cited by 2,181
Jiang, J., Oberdörster, G., & Biswas, P. (2009) · Journal of Nanoparticle Research · doi:10.1007/s11051-008-9446-4 · Cited by 1,713
Nanoparticles as potential oral delivery systems of proteins and vaccines: A mechanistic approach
des Rieux, A., Fievez, V., Garinot, M., Schneider, Y.-J., & Préat, V. (2006) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.08.013 · Cited by 1,305
Freitas, S., Merkle, H. P., & Gander, B. (2005) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.10.015 · Cited by 923
Hoeller, S., Sperger, A., & Valenta, C. (2009) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.11.014 · Cited by 179
Cited by
Nanoemulsions: Formation, properties and applications
Gupta, A., Eral, H. B., Hatton, T. A., & Doyle, P. S. (2016) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c5sm02958a · Cited by 1,633
Liposomes: Structure, composition, types, and clinical applications
Nsairat, H., Khater, D., Sayed, U., Odeh, F., Al Bawab, A., & Alshaer, W. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09394 · Cited by 1,561
Galanakis, C. M. (2012) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2012.03.003 · Cited by 1,240
Acevedo-Fani, A., Salvia-Trujillo, L., Rojas-Graü, M. A., & Martín-Belloso, O. (2015) · Food Hydrocolloids · doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.01.032 · Cited by 651
Lerner, A., & Matthias, T. (2015) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2015.01.009 · Cited by 475
Potential biological fate of ingested nanoemulsions: Influence of particle characteristics
McClements, D. J., & Xiao, H. (2012) · Food Funct. · doi:10.1039/c1fo10193e · Cited by 331
Self-citationTan, Y. H., Abdullah, M. O., Nolasco-Hipolito, C., Zauzi, N. S. A., & Abdullah, G. W. (2017) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.11.013 · Cited by 154
Influence of emulsifier concentration on nanoemulsion gelation
Erramreddy, V. V., & Ghosh, S. (2014) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la502733v · Cited by 66
Mustafa, M. A., Ali, A., Manickam, S., & Siddiqui, Y. (2014) · Food and Bioprocess Technology · doi:10.1007/s11947-013-1173-x · Cited by 64
Nanoemulsions and Their Stability for Enhancing Functional Properties of Food Ingredients
Pathak, M. (2017) · Nanotechnology Applications in Food · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811942-6.00005-4 · Cited by 44
Farag, M. A., Reda, A., Nabil, M., Elimam, D. M., & Zayed, A. (2023) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d3fo01949g · Cited by 28
Safety and regulatory issues of nanomaterials in foods
Tarhan, Ö. (2020) · Handbook of Food Nanotechnology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815866-1.00016-9 · Cited by 23
Wen, C., Lin, X., Wang, J., Liu, H., Liu, G., Xu, X., Zhang, J., & Liu, J. (2025) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.70183 · Cited by 17
Nanocarrier-based targeted pulmonary delivery: novel approaches for effective lung cancer treatment
Shah, M. R., Imran, M., & Ullah, S. (2019) · Nanocarriers for Cancer Diagnosis and Targeted Chemotherapy · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816773-1.00006-7 · Cited by 5
Recovery techniques, stability, and applications of glucosinolates
Galanakis, C. M. (2020) · Glucosinolates: Properties, Recovery, and Applications · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816493-8.00008-1 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- McClements, D. J., & Rao, J.
- Venue
- Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-03-25
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 285-330
- ISSN
- 1040-8398 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-7852
- OpenAlex
- W2140617826
- Cited by
- 1,630
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 62.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
