Liposomes: Structure, composition, types, and clinical applications
Open accessAbstract
Liposomes are now considered the most commonly used nanocarriers for various potentially active hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules due to their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. Liposomes also proved to enhance drug solubility and controlled distribution, as well as their capacity for surface modifications for targeted, prolonged, and sustained release. Based on the composition, liposomes can be considered to have evolved from conventional, long-circulating, targeted, and immune-liposomes to stimuli-responsive and actively targeted liposomes. Many liposomal-based drug delivery systems are currently clinically approved to treat several diseases, such as cancer, fungal and viral infections; more liposomes have reached advanced phases in clinical trials. This review describes liposomes structure, composition, preparation methods, and clinical applications.
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The greater absorption of liposomal vitamin C may not necessarily occur for all liposomal forms due to high variability in liposome size and composition.
“However, this may not necessarily occur for all liposomal forms due to the high variability in terms of liposome size and composition [44].”
From Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
The Liposomes section (page unavailable) describes differences in liposome size and composition and says both can influence liposome–cell interactions. It does not address liposomal vitamin C or establish that its greater absorption varies between formulations. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Nanocarrier system: An emerging strategy for bioactive peptide delivery
Zhang, X., Li, X., Zhao, Y., Zheng, Q., Wu, Q., & Yu, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1050647 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Calder, P. C., Kreider, R. B., & McKay, D. L. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17020279 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Uti, D. E., Egbung, J. E., Anthony, B. O., Omari, O. R., Omang, W. A., Aggad, W. S., Almohaimeed, H. M., Bainsal, N., Shukla, S. K., Ealla, K. K. R., et al. (2026) · Discover Nano · doi:10.1186/s11671-026-04681-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Theranostic Nanoplatforms for Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Analysis of Conceptual Contradictions
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“Each class possesses unique properties: lipid particles (liposomes, exosomes) offer biocompatibility [23–25]; polymeric particles (Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), dendrimers) provide biodegradability and functionalization [19,26]; superparamagnetic iron oxide Nps (SPIONs) enable MRI contrast…”
- Authors
- Nsairat, H., Khater, D., Sayed, U., Odeh, F., Al Bawab, A., & Alshaer, W.
- Affiliations
- Al-Ahliyya Amman University (JO)
- Applied Science Private University (JO)
- University of Jordan (JO)
- Corresponding author
- Alshaer, Walhan
- Venue
- Heliyon
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-05
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e09394
- ISSN
- 2405-8440 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9118483
- OpenAlex
- W4280621631
- Cited by
- 1,561
- References
- 219
- Citations by year
- 2026: 366 · 2025: 601 · 2024: 405 · 2023: 179 · 2022: 10
- FWCI
- 20.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Heliyon (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Keywords
- liposomes, liposomal drug delivery, nanocarriers, liposome structure, liposome composition, liposome preparation, targeted liposomes, long-circulating liposomes, stimuli-responsive liposomes, sustained drug release, drug solubility enhancement, biocompatibility, clinical application, cancer therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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