Cited by 1,561Nanoparticle-Based Drug DeliveryAdvanced Drug Delivery SystemsRNA Interference and Gene Delivery

Liposomes: Structure, composition, types, and clinical applications

Open access
Nsairat, Hamdi, Khater, Dima, Sayed, Usama, Odeh, Fadwa, Al Bawab, Abeer, Alshaer, Walhan·2022·Heliyon

Abstract

Liposomes are now considered the most commonly used nanocarriers for various potentially active hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules due to their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. Liposomes also proved to enhance drug solubility and controlled distribution, as well as their capacity for surface modifications for targeted, prolonged, and sustained release. Based on the composition, liposomes can be considered to have evolved from conventional, long-circulating, targeted, and immune-liposomes to stimuli-responsive and actively targeted liposomes. Many liposomal-based drug delivery systems are currently clinically approved to treat several diseases, such as cancer, fungal and viral infections; more liposomes have reached advanced phases in clinical trials. This review describes liposomes structure, composition, preparation methods, and clinical applications.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09394

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  • The greater absorption of liposomal vitamin C may not necessarily occur for all liposomal forms due to high variability in liposome size and composition.

    “However, this may not necessarily occur for all liposomal forms due to the high variability in terms of liposome size and composition [44].”

    From Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults (2025) · cites this paper as [44]

    The Liposomes section (page unavailable) describes differences in liposome size and composition and says both can influence liposome–cell interactions. It does not address liposomal vitamin C or establish that its greater absorption varies between formulations. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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1 retracted

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. [29]Sahoo S.K. Labhasetwar V. Nanotech approaches to drug delivery and imaging Drug Discov. Today 8 2003 1112 1120 14678737
  2. [32]Bulbake U. Doppalapudi S. Kommineni N. Khan W. Liposomal formulations in clinical use: an updated review Pharmaceutics 9 2017 12 PMC5489929 28346375
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Authors
Nsairat, H., Khater, D., Sayed, U., Odeh, F., Al Bawab, A., & Alshaer, W.
Affiliations
  • Al-Ahliyya Amman University (JO)
  • Applied Science Private University (JO)
  • University of Jordan (JO)
Corresponding author
Alshaer, Walhan
Venue
Heliyon
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-05
Volume
8
Issue
5
Pages
e09394
ISSN
2405-8440 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4280621631
Cited by
1,561
References
219
Citations by year
2026: 366 · 2025: 601 · 2024: 405 · 2023: 179 · 2022: 10
FWCI
20.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Heliyon (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Keywords
liposomes, liposomal drug delivery, nanocarriers, liposome structure, liposome composition, liposome preparation, targeted liposomes, long-circulating liposomes, stimuli-responsive liposomes, sustained drug release, drug solubility enhancement, biocompatibility, clinical application, cancer therapy

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