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Cited by 1Online and Blended LearningTechnology-Enhanced Education StudiesOnline Learning Methods and Innovations

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Development and validation of the online learning attitude questionnaire (OLAQ) among primary school children and caregivers

Lam, Joseph Hin Yan, Tong, Shelley Xiuli·2023·Interactive Learning Environments
DOI 10.1080/10494820.2022.2043911
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Abstract

Despite the increasing popularity of online learning in elementary and primary schools, it is unclear to which extent that students’ attitudes toward online learning influence their learning progress and outcomes. In this study, the Online Learning Attitude Questionnaire (OLAQ) was developed and validated to measure students’ online learning attitudes among 383 caregivers and 172 primary school students in Hong Kong. The caregiver data were analysed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis to establish the factor structure, reliability. and discriminant validity of the OLAQ questionnaire. The student data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis to cross-validate the factor structure and confirm the reliability and discriminant validity of the OLAQ. The final 34-item OLAQ questionnaire comprises five subscales including (1) enjoyment, (2) development, (3) motivation, (4) utilization, and (5) anxiety. These results indicate that the OLAQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing primary school students’ attitudes toward online learning.

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Metadata

Authors
Lam, J. H. Y., & Tong, S. X.
Affiliations
University of Hong Kong (HK)
Corresponding author
Tong, Shelley Xiuli
ORCID
Venue
Interactive Learning Environments
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2022-03
Volume
31
Issue
10
Pages
6768-6782
ISSN
  • 1049-4820 (ISSN-L)
  • 1744-5191
DOI
10.1080/10494820.2022.2043911
OpenAlex
W4214515619
Cited by
1
References
48
Citations by year
2022: 1
FWCI
0.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Interactive Learning Environments (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Equal Opportunities Commission (R-2020/21-111)
  • Research Grant Council, Hong Kong SAR (17609518, 17620520, RFS2021-7H05)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
  • Social Sciences › Education › Technology-Enhanced Education Studies
  • Social Sciences › Education › Online Learning Methods and Innovations
Keywords
online learning, student attitudes, questionnaire development, psychometric validation, elementary school students, caregivers, student motivation

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Development and validation of the online learning attitude questionnaire (OLAQ) among primary school children and caregivers. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/10494820.2022.2043911
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Lam, J. H. Y., & Tong, S. X. (2023). Development and validation of the online learning attitude questionnaire (OLAQ) among primary school children and caregivers. Interactive Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2022.2043911