Fire in the Northeast: Learning from the Past, Planning for the Future
Abstract
Fire is an important disturbance process that regulates forest stand structure and species diversity in many ecosystems across the northeastern United States. Fires have promoted the growth and regeneration of shade intolerant genera throughout the Holocene, during which time humans have had a dominant influence on northeastern fire regimes. Humans have used fire for many applications including wildlife management, land clearing, and vegetation maintenance. Fire frequency increased during the periods of Native American occupation and early European colonization, but it has decreased since Native American displacement, colonist farm abandonment, and direct fire suppression, causing shifts in plant community composition toward shade-tolerant, pyrophobic species. Managers need appropriate benchmarks for using prescribed fire for restoration, especially in the face of climatic change. Salient lessons from history are: (a) fire is natural, (b) fire is cultural, (c) fire is economic, and (d) human decisions regarding fire will strongly impact the future of existing ecosystems. Fire, and how we as a society will manage it, must remain at the forefront of political discussions, policy development, and public education, while investment into research must provide the knowledge base for continued adaptive management in the face of an uncertain future.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Conservation implications of limited Native American impacts in pre-contact New England
Oswald, W. W., Foster, D. R., Shuman, B. N., Chilton, E. S., Doucette, D. L., & Duranleau, D. L. (2020) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0466-0 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
- Authors
- Poulos, H.
- Affiliations
- Wesleyan University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Poulos, Helen
- Venue
- Journal of Sustainable Forestry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-01-26
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 6-29
- ISSN
- 1054-9811 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-756X
- OpenAlex
- W1969334337
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Sustainable Forestry (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Forest Management and Policy
- Keywords
- fire regimes, prescribed burning, fire history, Holocene, fire suppression, forest regeneration, shade-tolerant species, floristic composition, adaptive management, fire policy, northeastern United States forests, climate change
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