The Cyber-Pornography Use Inventory: The Development of a New Assessment Instrument
Abstract
Internet pornography usage has become widespread in recent years, and the task of assessing this usage has proven difficult. Furthermore, assessing this usage in religious populations has proven nearly impossible due to the morally charged nature of the subject. As such, this study recounts the development of a new instrument for assessing Internet pornography usage that could be effectively used in religious populations. Factor analyses of the instrument revealed a three-factor structure that demonstrated acceptable reliability (α >.80) for each factor, as well as some measure of construct validity. The instrument also offered initial analyses of the feelings of guilt and distress experienced by religious populations as a result of their Internet pornography consumption. These results demonstrate great potential for future clinical application as well as research, particularly in populations that are prone to experience more guilt as a result of their usage.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Addictive behavior is characterized by an inability to stop the behavior, significant negative effects, and a generalized obsession with the behavior.
“addictive behavior is characterized by an inability to stop the behavior, significant negative effects as a result of the behavior, and a generalized obsession with the behavior.³⁷”
From Cybersex addiction: An overview of the development and treatment of a newly emerging disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings.
Rutherford, G. S. W., Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1988) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2348783 · Cited by 5,837 · see citing works
Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings.
Jolliffe, I. T., Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1988) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.2307/2983017 · Cited by 5,102 · see citing works
Internet Addiction: A New Clinical Phenomenon and Its Consequences
Young, K. S. (2004) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764204270278 · Cited by 1,088 · see citing works
Should addictive disorders include non-substance-related conditions?
Potenza, M. N. (2006) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01591.x · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Abdullah, F. (2005) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00480.x · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Cybersex users, abusers, and compulsives: New findings and implications
Cooper, A., Delmonico, D. L., & Burg, R. (2000) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity · doi:10.1080/10720160008400205 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Carroll, J. S., Padilla‐Walker, L. M., Nelson, L. J., Olson, C. D., Barry, C. M., & Madsen, S. D. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558407306348 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Behavioural (non‐chemical) addictions
Marks, I. M. (1990) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01618.x · Cited by 421 · see citing works
A factor‐analytic investigation of computer ‘addiction’ and engagement
Charlton, J. P. (2002) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1348/000712602760146242 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Online sexual compulsivity: Getting tangled in the net
Cooper, A., Putnam, D. E., Planchon, L. A., & Boies, S. C. (1999) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720169908400182 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Internet Sex Addiction Treated With Naltrexone
Bostwick, J. M., & Bucci, J. A. (2008) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/83.2.226 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Adult Social Bonds and Use of Internet Pornography*
Stack, S. J., Wasserman, I., & Kern, R. (2004) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.0038-4941.2004.08501006.x · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Internet Sex Addiction: Risk Factors, Stages of Development, and Treatment
Young, K. S. (2008) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764208321339 · Cited by 227 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Similarly, Young (2008) views Internet pornography addiction as following a cycle of discovery, experimentation, escalation, compulsion, and hopelessness.”
BackgroundThe Internet Sex Screening Test: A comparison of sexual compulsives versus non-sexual compulsives
Delmonico, D., & Miller, J. (2003) · Sexual and Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/1468199031000153900 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Schneider, J. P. (2000) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720160008403700 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Morahan-Martin, J. M. (2005) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439304271533 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
West, R. (2001) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.96131.x · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Diagnostic instruments for behavioural addiction: an overview.
Albrecht, U., Kirschner, N. E., & Grüsser, S. M. (2007) · PubMed Central · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Who Wants to Censor Pornography and Hate Speech?
Lambe, J. L. (2004) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1207/s15327825mcs0703_2 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Cyberporn Use in the Context of Religiosity
Abell, J. W., Steenbergh, T. A., & Boivin, M. J. (2006) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164710603400206 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Initiation and Maintenance of Online Sexual Compulsivity: Implications for Assessment and Treatment
Putnam, D. E. (2000) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/109493100420160 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Goodson, P., McCormick, D., & Evans, A. (2000) · Journal of Sex Education and Therapy · doi:10.1080/01614576.2000.11074358 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Sexual Addiction and Christian College Men: Conceptual, Assessment, and Treatment Challenges
Kwee, A. W., Dominguez, A. W., & Ferrell, D. R. (2007) · The Journal of psychology and Christianity · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Maddux, J. F., & Desmon, D. P. (2000) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.9556611.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Putnam, D. E., & Maheu, M. M. (2000) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720160008400209 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The Role of Pornography in Sexual Offending
Bensimon, P. (2007) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720160701310468 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Watson, L. A., Oberle, K., & Deutscher, D. (2008) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20292 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sex addiction: a comparison with dependence on psychoactive drugs
Plant, M. A., & Plant, M. (2003) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659890310001636125 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Pornography and moral attitudes
Woodrum, E. (1992) · Sociological Spectrum · doi:10.1080/02732173.1992.9982007 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Dixon, M. R., & Johnson, T. E. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012372544-8/50022-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The Real Thing”: A Perspective on Sexual Revolution and a Challenge to Christian Professionals
Strauss, G. H. (2002) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164710203000207 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Learning about Sexual Addiction: Theory and Intervention
Philaretou, A. G. (2006) · The International Journal of Learning Annual Review · doi:10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v13i05/44889 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Grubbs, J. B., Perry, S. L., Wilt, J. A., & Reid, R. C. (2019) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1248-x · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Self-citationThe development of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS)
Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Zsila, Á., Griffiths, M. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2018) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1291798 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Grubbs, J. B., Exline, J. J., Pargament, K. I., Hook, J. N., & Carlisle, R. D. (2015) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-013-0257-z · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Self-citationMoral incongruence and pornography use: a critical review and integration
Grubbs, J. B., & Perry, S. L. (2019) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2018.1427204 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh-frequency pornography use may not always be problematic
Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Potenza, M. N., Orosz, G., & Demetrovics, Z. (2020) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.01.007 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Stockdale, L., & Coyne, S. M. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.045 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Psychometric instruments for problematic pornography use: A systematic review
Fernandez, D. P., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/0163278719861688 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Dirty habits? Online pornography use, personality, obsessionality, and compulsivity
Egan, V., & Parmar, R. (2013) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2012.710182 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Grubbs, J. B., Kraus, S. W., Perry, S. L., Lewczuk, K., & Gola, M. (2020) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000501 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationAntons, S., Engel, J., Briken, P., Krüger, T. H. C., Brand, M., & Stark, R. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00061 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The association between the quantity and severity of pornography use: a meta-analysis
Chen, L., Jiang, X., Wang, Q., Bőthe, B., Potenza, M. N., & Wu, H. (2022) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2021.1988500 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Eleuteri, S., Tripodi, F., Petruccelli, I., Rossi, R., & Simonelli, C. (2014) · Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2014-1-2 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Cybersex addiction: An overview of the development and treatment of a newly emerging disorder
Agastya, I. G. N., Siste, K., Nasrun, M. W. S., & Kusumadewi, I. (2020) · Medical Journal of Indonesia · doi:10.13181/mji.rev.203464 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Impacts of Sexual Addiction on Intimate Female Partners—The State of the Art
Seyed Aghamiri, F., Luetz, J. M., & Hills, K. (2022) · Sexual Health & Compulsivity · doi:10.1080/26929953.2022.2050862 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Grubbs, J. B., Tahk, R., Fernandez, D. P., Fernandez, E. F., & Ley, D. (2023) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104419 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Grubbs, J. B., Sessoms, J., Wheeler, D. M., & Volk, F.
- Affiliations
- Liberty University (US)
- Venue
- Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-05-27
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 106-126
- ISSN
- 1072-0162 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5318
- OpenAlex
- W1979151792
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- scale development, religious population, guilt, distress, factor structure, construct validity, sexual addiction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review