The effect of adverse childhood experience on clinical diagnosis of a substance use disorder: results of a nationally representative study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Substance abuse is one of the most common health outcomes associated with adverse childhood experience, and poses a significant public health threat. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a relationship between adverse childhood experience and a substance use disorder using nationally representative data as well as to test whether religion moderates this relationship. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 11,279). Three types of adverse childhood experiences were considered; physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. Logistic regression was used to determine whether risk for developing an alcohol use, cannabis use, or other drug use disorder in adulthood increased as exposure to multiple types of adverse childhood experiences increased while controlling for prior substance use and other demographic variables that have shown associations with substance use. In addition, religiosity was investigated as a possible moderator of the relationship between adverse childhood experience and substance abuse. RESULTS: The likelihood of developing a substance use disorder later in life increased as the score on the adverse childhood experience index increased. While religiosity did significantly reduce the likelihood of developing a substance use disorder, no moderating effects were observed. Conclusions/importance: This study underscores the long-term consequences of exposure to childhood adversity.
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 19 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
- Findingown data
The interaction between religiosity and adverse childhood experience was not significantly related to alcohol use disorder diagnosis.
“The interaction between religiosity and adverse childhood experience was not significantly associated with having an AUD.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Religiosity lowered the probability of an alcohol use disorder diagnosis by 10%.
“Furthermore, religiosity decreased the probability of having an AUD by 10%.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
With model covariates controlled, each one-point increase on the adverse childhood experience index was associated with 34% higher odds of an adult alcohol use disorder diagnosis.
“Controlling for model covariates, each one-unit increase in the adverse childhood experience scale was associated with 34% higher odds of developing an AUD in adulthood.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Each one-point increase on the adverse childhood experience index was associated with 47% higher odds of an adult cannabis use disorder diagnosis.
“A one-unit increase in the adverse childhood experience scale was associated with 47% higher odds of developing a CUD in adulthood.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The interaction between religiosity and cannabis use disorder was not significant.
“The interaction between religiosity and CUD was not significant.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
- Findingown data
Religiosity did not significantly moderate the relationship between adverse childhood experience and other drug use disorder diagnosis.
“Religiosity did not significantly moderate the effect of adverse childhood experience on the probability of having a DUD.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
With model covariates controlled, each one-point increase on the adverse childhood experience index was associated with 41% higher odds of an adult other drug use disorder diagnosis.
“Each one-unit increase in the adverse childhood experience scale was associated with 41% higher odds of developing a DUD in adulthood.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Religiosity lowered the likelihood of a cannabis use disorder diagnosis by 8%.
“Finally, religiosity decreased the likelihood of having a CUD by 8%.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The associations between adverse childhood experiences and all three substance use disorder outcomes remained after prior substance use was adjusted for.
“Additionally, this study demonstrated the effects of adverse experiences on all types of substance abuse remained, even after adjusting for previous substance use.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Religiosity lowered the probability of an other drug use disorder diagnosis by 11%.
“Religiosity decreased the probability of developing a DUD by 11%.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Add Health used a multistage, stratified cluster sampling design intended to make the sample representative of the US adolescent population on urbanicity, region, school size, school type, and ethnicity.
“The Add Health study used a multistage, stratified cluster sampling design to ensure the sample was reflective of the United States adolescent population (i.e. 12–18) in regards to urbanicity, region, school size, school type (public, private) and ethnicity (Udry & Bearman, 1998).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Udry & Bearman, 1998
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
The original ACE study found that people who reported four or more categories of childhood adversity had a fourfold to twelvefold greater risk of later alcohol or drug abuse problems.
“One of the most striking findings of the ACE study was that individuals who experienced four or more types of adverse childhood experiences were at a four to twelve-fold increased risk of developing alcohol or drug abuse problems (Felitti et al., 1998).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Felitti et al., 1998
Not checked in the free run.
- Study design and conductown data
Additional models that removed participants reporting a substance use disorder before their Add Health inclusion showed no appreciable differences from the reported results.
“There were no appreciable differences between our reported results and the results of these models in which participants with a SUD diagnosis were removed.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Study design and conductreasoning
This study cannot establish a temporal relationship between religiosity and the onset of a substance use disorder.
“While it is impossible to establish a temporal relationship between religiosity and onset of a substance use disorder in this study, other nationally representative studies have shown religiosity is associated with a reduction in adolescent and early adult substance abuse.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
Using a nationally representative sample and controlling for important covariates provides strong support for a positive relationship between adverse childhood experiences and multiple forms of substance abuse.
“Despite these limitations, using a nationally representative sample and controlling for important covariates lends strong support to the positive relationship between adverse childhood experiences and multiple forms of substance abuse.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Religiosity was associated with lower odds of any substance use disorder, with a modest reduction of 8% to 11%.
“Another notable finding in this study was that religiosity was associated with reduced odds for developing any type of substance use disorder. While the effect was modest (8–11% reduction), it still suggests religiosity may be an important resilience factor.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Religiosity may be an important resilience factor.
“While the effect was modest (8–11% reduction), it still suggests religiosity may be an important resilience factor.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductown data
Prior alcohol, cannabis, and other drug use were controlled in the logistic regression models, which isolated the adverse childhood experience effects from risk linked to early substance use.
“An additional strength is of this study is that the effects of previous alcohol, cannabis and other drug were controlled for in our logistic regression models, isolating the effects of adverse childhood experience from any risk related to early onset of substance use.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductreasoning
The cross-sectional nature of the study prevents a definitive temporal relationship between religiosity and substance use diagnosis.
“Lastly, because of the cross-sectional nature of the study, no definitive temporal relationship between religiosity and substance use diagnosis can be determined.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Study design and conductnone given
The sample likely included people who had already been diagnosed with a substance use disorder before entering Add Health at Wave I.
“Another potential limitation is this sample likely included people who were diagnosed with a substance use disorder prior to their inclusion in the Add Health study at Wave I.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Adolescent substance use is among the strongest predictors of substance use disorders in adulthood.
“This finding is particularly important because substance use in adolescence is one of the strongest predictors of substance use disorders in adulthood (Merline, O’Malley, & Schulenberg, 2004; Patrick, Schulenberg, & O’Malley, 2011).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Merline, O’Malley, & Schulenberg, 2004
Not checked in the free run.
- cites Patrick, Schulenberg, & O’Malley, 2011
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationown data
After model covariates were controlled, greater reported childhood adversity was associated with a significant increase in the risk of developing any type of substance use disorder.
“Specifically, after controlling for model covariates, there was a significant increase in the risk of developing any type of substance use disorder, as a function of reported childhood adverse experiences.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 14
- May combine two claims. 13
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Findingown dataImportance of religion and frequency of prayer were not significantly related to lifetime diagnosis of any substance use disorder in bivariate or multivariate analysis, so they were excluded from the final models.
“Neither of these items were significantly associated with lifetime diagnosis of any type of substance use disorder in bivariate or multivariate analysis, and thus were not included in the final models.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationDiner and colleagues showed that religiosity supported adaptive coping by increasing self-efficacy in adults and by reassuring them that difficult life events can be overcome.
“Diner and colleagues demonstrated religiosity aided in adaptive coping through improving self-efficacy in adults, and providing reassurance that problematic life-events can be overcome (Diner, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Diner, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationA substantial body of research has found an association between religiosity and lower substance use during adolescence.
“Additionally, a great deal of research has shown an association between religiosity and reduced substance use in adolescence (Kendler, Liu, Gardner, McCullough, Larson, & Prescott, 2005; Piedmont, 2004; Robinson, Bolton, Rasic, & Sareen, 2012; Wallace, & Williams, 1997).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites Kendler, Liu, Gardner, McCullough, Larson, & Prescott, 2005
Not checked in the free run.
- cites Piedmont, 2004
Not checked in the free run.
- cites Robinson, Bolton, Rasic, & Sareen, 2012
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationIn that meta-analysis, 79 of 100 studies reported a significant positive correlation between religion and positive emotions and general psychological well-being.
“In this meta-analysis 79 out of 100 studies reported a significant positive correlation between religion and positive emotions as well as general psychological well-being.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Koenig (2001)
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataParticipants who left the study after Wave I were more likely than those who completed Waves I, III, and IV to report cannabis use and other drug use at Wave I, while alcohol use did not differ between the groups.
“We found no differences in alcohol use between these groups; however, survey respondents who dropped out after Wave I were more likely to report both cannabis (p<0.05) and other drug use (p<0.05).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationA meta-analysis by Koenig found that religiosity was positively associated with resilience traits including optimism, social support, and active coping.
“In a meta-analysis of quantitative studies, Koenig (2001) found positive associations between religiosity and several resilience characteristics such as optimism, social support and an active coping style.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Koenig (2001)
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationReligiosity has been linked to positive outcomes among people exposed to chronic or traumatic stress.
“Furthermore, religiosity has been associated with positive outcomes in populations exposed to chronic or traumatic stress (Williams, Larson, Buckler, Heckman, and Pyle, 1991).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Williams, Larson, Buckler, Heckman, and Pyle, 1991
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationNational survey analyses such as Monitoring the Future have found that adolescents with higher religiosity have lower rates of alcohol abuse, cannabis use, and tobacco use.
“Analyses of national samples such as the Monitoring the Future Study have also shown an association between higher levels of religiosity and lower rates of alcohol abuse, cannabis use, and tobacco use among adolescents (Wallace, Brown, Bachman, & LaVice, 2003).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Wallace, Brown, Bachman, & LaVice, 2003
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).
InterpretationcitationAdult health conditions such as substance abuse may be preventable by focusing efforts on primary prevention of childhood physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and other adverse childhood experiences.
“This study draws attention to the idea that adult health conditions such as substance abuse may be prevented by focusing efforts towards primary prevention of childhood physical, emotional and sexual abuse, as well as other adverse childhood experiences (Alpert, 2010).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Alpert, 2010
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductown dataThe analyses were weighted and their parameter and variance estimates were adjusted for Add Health's complex sampling design.
“We used the SPSS (ver. 22) Complex Samples procedure to conduct weighted analyses with parameter and variance estimates that have been adjusted for the complex sampling design of the Add Health survey.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductreasoningRecall bias may be present because adverse childhood experience questions were asked at Wave IV.
“First, because the questions related to adverse childhood experiences were asked in Wave IV, it is possible some recall bias may exist.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationResearch has shown that trauma-informed substance abuse treatment leads to better outcomes, including greater symptom reduction and higher treatment retention.
“Research has shown substance abuse treatment using a trauma-informed approach has led to better treatment outcomes, such as greater symptom reduction and increased retention in treatment (Amaro, Chernoff, Brown, Arévalo, & Gatz, 2007).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Amaro, Chernoff, Brown, Arévalo, & Gatz, 2007
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationEvidence from several large nationally representative samples converges on an association between religiosity and lower substance use, which highlights religiosity as an important resilience factor.
“The convergence of evidence from multiple large, nationally representative samples documenting an association between religiosity and reduced substance use highlights this construct as an important resilience factor.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Study design and conductreasoningBecause Add Health is longitudinal, substance use was measured in early adolescence rather than retrospectively, which increased the accuracy of those measures.
“Because of the longitudinal nature of the Add Health study, information regarding substance use was assessed during early adolescence, rather than retrospectively, increasing the accuracy of these substance use measures.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataThe data are not representative of the current US population and are weighted according to older data, which limits generalizability.
“Second, the data used in this study are not representative of the current US population, but are weighted according to older data, limiting the generalizability of the findings.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataBy establishing a strong positive relationship between early life adversity and substance abuse in a large population-based sample, this study emphasizes the importance of a trauma-informed approach to substance abuse treatment.
“By establishing a strong positive relationship between early life adversity and substance abuse in a large, population based sample, this study emphasizes the importance of a trauma-informed approach to substance abuse treatment.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataReligiosity did not moderate the effect of adverse childhood experiences on the likelihood of a substance use disorder, so the second hypothesis was not supported.
“Although religiosity was negatively associated with the probability of developing any type of substance use disorder, it did not moderate the effect of adverse childhood experiences on the likelihood of developing a substance use disorder; thus, the second hypothesis in this study was not supported.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
InterpretationcitationThe positive association between adverse childhood experience and substance abuse found in this study agrees with prior research on that relationship.
“The positive relationship between adverse childhood experiences and substance abuse observed in this study is consistent with other research documenting this relationship (Felitti, et al., 1998; Dube, et al., 2003.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Felitti, et al., 1998
Not checked in the free run.
- cites Dube, et al., 2003
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationA prior Add Health study found religiosity was a protective factor that reduced binge drinking odds by 9%, cannabis use odds by 20%, and cigarette smoking odds by 13%, but only among heterosexual adults.
“A previous study using the Add Health data showed that religiosity was a significant protective factor reducing the odds of binge drinking by 9%, cannabis use by 20%, and cigarette smoking by 13%, only in heterosexual adults (Rostosky, et al., 2007).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Rostosky, et al., 2007
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductnone givenThe questions used to build the religiosity scale may not accurately capture the multidimensional nature of religiosity.
“It is possible the questions used to construct the religiosity scale in this study did not accurately capture the multidimensional nature of the construct.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationMonitoring the Future data showed that higher religiosity reduced alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking, and cannabis use.
“Data from the Monitoring the Future study also demonstrated higher levels of religiosity reduced alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking and cannabis use (Wallace, et al., 2003).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Wallace, et al., 2003
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAdverse childhood experience exposure has historically not been routinely assessed in treatment settings, leading to under-recognition and improper treatment.
“Although exposure to adverse childhood events has significant implications for substance abuse treatment, it has historically not been routinely assessed in treatment settings leading to under-recognition and improper treatment (Davidson, 2001).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Davidson, 2001
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductnone givenThe sample weights were designed to match US demographic trends at the time of the 1994 Wave I data collection.
“Samples were weighted to match the demographic trends of the U.S. population when the first Wave of data was collected in 1994.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimThe quote only partly states this claim.
Interpretationown dataAcross the outcomes, each one-point increase on the adverse childhood experience index was associated with at least a 34% increase in the odds of a clinically significant adult substance use disorder.
“These results indicate a positive relationship between adverse childhood experiences and substance abuse where each one unit increase in the adverse childhood experience scale was associated with at least a 34% increase in the odds of developing a clinically significant substance use disorder in adulthood.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
The paper relies on this without support.
There is little prior research on how religiosity influences the relationship between childhood trauma exposure and substance abuse.
“There is little research investigating the influence of religiosity on the relationship between exposure to childhood trauma and substance abuse; thus, future research is needed to help further explain this important relationship.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
As the number of ACEs increases, the risk for SUD during life also increases.
“Moreover, various studies have found that this risk has a cumulative effect; as the number of ACEs increases, the risk for SUD during life also increases (Dube et al., 2003;LeTendre & Reed, 2017).”
From Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use disorder (SUD): A scoping review (2021) · cites this paper as LeTendre & Reed, 2017
Four of the included studies evidenced the cumulative effect of ACEs on the diagnosis of SUD.
“Four of the included studies have evidenced the cumulative effect of ACEs on the diagnosis of SUD (Gomez et al., 2018;LeTendre & Reed, 2017;Levenson, 2016;Shin et al., 2018), which was already demonstrated in previous research (Dube et al., 2003).”
From Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use disorder (SUD): A scoping review (2021) · cites this paper as LeTendre & Reed, 2017
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Lifetime drug-use responses are labeled as past-year use
MinorThe Wave I other-drug variable is described as being built from questions about lifetime use, but a positive response is then defined as past-year use. A lifetime-use response does not establish when the use occurred.
“Other drug use at Wave I was measured by responses to three questions regarding lifetime cocaine use, inhalant glue or solvent use, and other illegal drug use.”
“These three questions were combined into a single other drug use variable with an affirmative response to any of these questions defined as past year drug use.”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use disorder (SUD): A scoping review
Leza, L., Siria, S., López-Goñi, J. J., & Fernández-Montalvo, J. (2021) · Drug and alcohol dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108563 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences With Cardiovascular Disease Later in Life
Godoy, L. C., Frankfurter, C., Cooper, M., Lay, C. L., Maunder, R., & Farkouh, M. E. (2020) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.6050 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Halpern, S. C., Schuch, F. B., Scherer, J. N., Sordi, A. O., Pachado, M., Dalbosco, C., Fara, L., Pechansky, F., Kessler, F., & Von Diemen, L. (2018) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2534 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Easterlin, M. C., Chung, P. J., Leng, M., & Dudovitz, R. (2019) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1212 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
McKay, M. T., Kilmartin, L., Meagher, A., Cannon, M. D., Healy, C., & Clarke, M. C. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.015 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
The Impact of the Opioid Epidemic on Children and Adolescents
Winstanley, E. L., & Stover, A. N. (2019) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.06.003 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Watt, M. J., Weber, M. A., Davies, S. R., & Forster, G. L. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.015 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Wolff, K. T., Baglivio, M. T., Klein, H. J., Piquero, A., Delisi, M., & Howell, J. C. (. (2020) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/1541204019854799 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“…be associated with higher likelihood of substance use and substance use disorder (Afifi, Brownridge, Cox, & Sareen, 2006; Anda et al., 2006; Brown & Shillington, 2017; Ding, Lin, Zhou, Yan, & He, 2014; Dube et al., 2003; LeTendre & Reed, 2017; Shin, McDonald, & Conley, 2017; Vaughn et al., 2017).”
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Alcohol Abuse among South Carolina Adults
Crouch, E. L., Radcliff, E., Strompolis, M., & Wilson, A. (2017) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2017.1400568 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Intimate partner violence, substance use, and health comorbidities among women: A narrative review
Mehr, J. B., Bennett, E. R., Price, J. L., de Souza, N. L., Buckman, J. F., Wilde, E. A., Tate, D. F., Marshall, A. D., Dams-O’Connor, K., & Esopenko, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1028375 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Finally, it is noteworthy that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) including childhood physical and sexual abuse, adversity, and a family history of (or witness to) IPV are associated with increased risk for IPV exposure in adulthood as well as increased risk for substance use (LeTendre and Reed, 2017; CDC, 2018; Cur…”
BackgroundBrett, E. I., Espeleta, H. C., Lopez, S. V., Leavens, E. L. S., & Leffingwell, T. R. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.04.002 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Substance use disorders in Saudi Arabia: a scoping review
Saquib, N., Rajab, A. M., Saquib, J., et al. (2020) · Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1186/s13011-020-00285-3 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Bryant, D. J., Coman, E., & Damian, A. J. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100293 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Morales, A. M., Jones, S. A., Kliamovich, D., Harman, G. A., & Nagel, B. J. (2019) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-019-00282-y · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Hallit, J., Salameh, P., Haddad, C., Sacre, H., Soufia, M., Akel, M., Obeïd, S., Hallit, R. R., & Hallit, S. R. (2020) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-020-02116-7 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Broekhof, R., Nordahl, H. M., Tanum, L., & Selvik, S. G. (2023) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100488 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Addressing Adolescents’ and Young Adults’ Substance Use Disorders
Chadi, N., Bagley, S. M., & Hadland, S. E. (2018) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2018.02.015 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Something to despair: Gender differences in adverse childhood experiences among rural patients
Winstanley, E. L., Mahoney, J. J., Lander, L. R., Berry, J. H., Marshalek, P. J., Zheng, W., & Haut, M. W. (2020) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108056 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Research has shown ACE item endorsement and scores to be associated with drug use (Felitti et al., 1998), nonmedical use of prescription opioids (Quinn et al., 2016), injection drug use (Felitti et al., 1998; Quinn et al., 2016), and SUDs (Felitti et al., 1998; LeTendre & Reed, 2017).”
BackgroundAllen, A. M., Jung, A. M., Alexander, A. C., ALLEN, S. S., Ward, K. D., & Al’Absi, M. (2020) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15003 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Carletto, S., Oliva, F., Barnato, M., Antonelli, T., Cardia, A., Mazzaferro, P., Raho, C., Ostacoli, L., Fernández, I., & Pagani, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02333 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Consistent with previous literature reporting that adverse childhood events have significant implications for substance abuse treatment and that a trauma-informed approach to SUD leads to better treatment outcomes (Felitti et al., 1998; LeTendre and Reed, 2017), our findings suggest that exposure to adverse childhood…”
BackgroundChildhood Trauma, Emotion Regulation, and Pain in Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder
Zaorska, J., Kopera, M., Trucco, E. M., Suszek, H., Kobyliński, P., & Jakubczyk, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.554150 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Narrative review on potential role of gut microbiota in certain substance addiction
Qin, C., Hu, J., Wan, Y., Cai, M., Wang, Z., Peng, Z., Liao, Y., Li, D., Yao, P., Liu, L., et al. (2021) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110093 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Kim, H. S. A., Vieira, J. L., Parmar, P. K., Hodgins, D. C., Shead, N. W., & Keough, M. T. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107473 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Clark, M. R., Hurley, R. W., & Adams, M. C. B. (2017) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnx332 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences and mental health conditions among multiracial adolescents
Weller, B. E., Conrad, J. K., Wilburn, V. G., Ramamonjiarivelo, Z., & Gladden, J. (2022) · Ethnicity & Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2020.1869187 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“In fact, ACEs are widely accepted as plausible reasons for poor mental health outcomes (LeTendre and Reed 2017); however, ACE research has encountered criticism.”
BackgroundDonofry, S. D., Stillman, C. M., Hanson, J. L., Sheridan, M. A., Sun, S., Loucks, E. B., & Erickson, K. I. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.051 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Smith, B. T., Brumage, M. R., Zullig, K. J., Claydon, E. A., Smith, M. L., & Kristjánsson, Á. L. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101571 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“As an example, LeTendre and Reed found that for each one-point increase in ACE score the likelihood of developing a SUD in adulthood increased by 34%–47% (LeTendre and Reed, 2017).”
BackgroundMethodRahman, A., Perri, A., Deegan, A., Kuntz, J., & Cawthorpe, D. (2018) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/17-054 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Carlyle, M., Constable, T., Walter, Z. C., Wilson, J., Newland, G., & Hides, L. M. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.10.011 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Patterson, A., Vu, M., Haardörfer, R., Windle, M. T., & Berg, C. J. (2020) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/0022042620917101 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…to increase the likelihood of alcohol and drug misuse and abuse, lead to earlier initiation of use, and increase other related risk behaviors (e.g., binge drinking; Alati et al., 2014; Chatterjee et al., 2018; Crouch et al., 2018; LeTendre & Reed, 2017; Mochrie et al., 2020; Molina & Pelham, 2014).”
BackgroundResultThe relationship between parental adverse childhood experiences and parenting behaviors
Wattanatchariya, K., Narkpongphun, A., & Kawilapat, S. (2024) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104166 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Narcofeminism: A feminist auto-ethnography on drugs
Chang, J. (2023) · The Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/00380261231176893 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…of drug use amongst socially marginalised groups often conflate trauma and drug use, unquestionably constructing certain types and modes of drug use as evidence of trauma, ignoring the role of personal agency and pleasurable use (Arunogiri & Mills, 2020; Khoury et al., 2010; LeTendre & Reed, 2017).”
BackgroundLam-Hine, T., Riddell, C. A., Bradshaw, P. T., Omi, M., & Allen, A. M. (2023) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101524 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“…ACE Study) Researchers constructing ACEs scores using Add Health data have used varying sets of questions about events occurring before age 18 to approximate the original ACEs questionnaire (Brumley et al., 2017; Easterlin et al., 2019; Lee et al., 2020; LeTendre & Reed, 2017; Otero, 2021).”
MethodHillcoat, A., Prakash, J., Martin, L., Zhang, Y., Rosa, G., Tiemeier, H. W., Torres, N. S., Mustieles, V., Adams, C. D., & Messerlian, C. (2023) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dead087 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Testing Kumpfer’s Resilience Model Among Adults With Serious Mental Illness
Pan, D., & Sánchez, J. (2021) · Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin · doi:10.1177/00343552211006770 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…bipolar disorders (Mauritz et al., 2013), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), major depression (Jacob, 2013), substance use disorder (SUD; LeTendre & Reed, 2017), personality disorders (Chiesa & Fonagy, 2014), and eating disorders (Chami et al., 2019).”
BackgroundOnu, D. U., Ifeagwazi, C. M., Orjiakor, C. T., & Iorfa, S. K. (2020) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2020.1846805 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Compared to the general population, people who had adverse childhood experiences are more likely to use substances, and have a diagnosis of substance use disorder (Edalati & Krank, 2016; LeTendre & Reed, 2017).”
BackgroundEffect of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and cannabis use on pregnancy outcomes
Klasner, C., Brown, J., Gopalakrishnan, M., El‐Metwally, D., Besse, M., & Mark, K. (2022) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-022-01269-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Baiden, P., Onyeaka, H., Kyeremeh, E., Panisch, L. S., LaBrenz, C. A., Kim, Y., & Kunz-Lomelin, A. (2022) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2021.2012692 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…et al., 2018; Dragan, 2020; Fang & McNeil, 2017; Fuller-Thomson et al., 2016; Strine, Dube, et al., 2012), smoking cigarettes (Rehkopf et al., 2016; Strine, Edwards, et al., 2012), using cannabis (LeTendre & Reed, 2017), or using illicit drugs (Allem et al., 2015; Forster et al., 2020).”
BackgroundKurtzman, E. T., & Greene, J. (2021) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2021.2002905 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“For example, prior studies have omitted several ACE categories (Chung et al., 2008; Forster et al., 2018; 2019; LeTendre & Reed, 2017) or expanded or redefined them from the original CDC-Kaiser Permanente ACE Study (Afifi et al., 2020; Fusco, 2021; Mersky et al., 2013).”
ResultNovel Methods for Screening: Contributions from Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up
Caron, E., Roben, C. K. P., Yarger, H. A., & Dozier, M. (2018) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-018-0894-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA 2 Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA well as mental health disorders (e.g., LeTendre and Reed 2017) and death due to chronic disease (Miller et al. 2011) in adulthood.”
Govender, T., Vidal‐Ribas, P., Yu, J., Haynie, D. L., Augustin, D., & Gilman, S. E. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.085 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Parental and own substance use disorder: The intersection of gender and early adversity
van Draanen, J., & Aneshensel, C. S. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109393 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Seff, I., Rodriguez, D. O., Meinhart, M., Colarelli, J., Vahedi, L., & Stark, L. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105509 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Childhood trauma and adolescent substance use: an integrative perspective
Hoffmann, J. P., & Hoffmann, C. S. (2025) · Future Science OA · doi:10.1080/20565623.2025.2557763 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cannabis Use Disorder: Recent Findings and Future Directions
Kimmel, H. L., & Lopez, M. F. (2018) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-018-0223-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences as precursors to cannabis use in adulthood: A systematic review
Collazos, K. S. G., Havanur, A., Santis, J. P. D., Baral, A., & Vidot, D. C. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106889 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Basting, E. J., Medenblik, A. M., Eberwein, J. D., Garner, A. R., Shorey, R. C., & Stuart, G. L. (2024) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.23079 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mróz, J., Toussaint, L. L., & Kaleta, K. (2024) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel15091137 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Eisman, A. B., Whitman, J., Palinkas, L. A., Fridline, J., Harvey, C., Kilbourne, A. M., & Hutton, D. W. (2023) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-023-00511-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“This study centered on high school, as youth are at increased risk for substance use onset and escalation [24].”
BackgroundLam-Hine, T., Riddell, C. A., Bradshaw, P. T., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.06.02.23290905 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Adverse Childhood Experiences: Associations with a Blunted Cortisol Stress Response During Pregnancy
Carbone, J. T., Hicks, L. M., Brown, S., Saini, E. K., & Dayton, C. J. (2023) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-023-03651-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…(Gill et al, 2020), hypertension (Su, et al, 2015), diabetes (Monnat and Chandler, 2016), obesity (Chanlongbutra et al, 2018), substance misuse disorders (LeTendre & Reed, 2017), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (Schalinski et al, 2016), and mood disorders (Ege et al, 2015; Schalinski et al, 2016).”
BackgroundSagrera, C. E., Alderman, L. L., Vest, M. F., Goeders, N. E., & Murnane, K. S. (2022) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527321666220511145230 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Trends in Pediatric Recreational Drug Use and Ingestions
Assaf, R. R., & Young, K. D. (2021) · Advances in Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2021.05.011 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Concurrent Childhood Experiences Impact Underage Substance Use
Broadbent, E., Miller, J., Cheung, A., Rollins, E. M., Novilla, L. K. B., Stanfill, M., & Crandall, A. (2021) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/10775595211012480 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“A study of adolescents from 80 high schools and 52 middle schools found that substance abuse when participants were aged 12–18 years was associated with developing a drug use disorder in adulthood (LeTendre & Reed, 2017).”
BackgroundScopano, M. R., Jones, H. E., Stea, S. G., Freeman, M. Z., & Grisel, J. E. (2023) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1155647 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“For example, adverse childhood experiences predict the severity of substance use disorders (Dube et al., 2006; LeTendre and Reed, 2017; Grummitt et al., 2022) and a parental substance use disorder is a prevalent form of childhood adversity (van Draanen and Aneshensel, 2022) reflecting a transgenerational cycle of suff…”
BackgroundFrancis, M. W., McCutcheon, V. V., & Farkas, K. J. (2023) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2023.2195641 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Some are more fixed, such as family history and genetics (McCutcheon et al. 2017), adverse childhood experiences (LeTendre and Reed 2017), the presence of co-occurring disorders (Tracy and Biegel 2006), and underlying neurological or biological conditions (Conrod and Nikolaou 2016).”
BackgroundTschampl, C. A., Canuto, M., Jesús, D. D., D'Ippolito, M., Guzman, M., Larson, M. J., Stewart, E. A., & Lundgren, L. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.987085 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Risk Factors Associated with Substance Abuse among Adolescents
Igunma, C. H., Ohaeri, B. M., Ojo, I. O., & Babarimisa, O. (2022) · International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal · doi:10.9734/indj/2022/v18i130214 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Overdose: Lessons From Overdose Data to Action
Wisdom, A. C., Govindu, M., Liu, S. J., Meyers, C. M., Mellerson, J. L., Gervin, D. W., DePadilla, L. M., & Holland, K. M. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.11.015 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Prospective Study of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Illicit Drug Use in Adulthood
Kaufman-Parks, A. M., Longmore, M. A., Manning, W. D., & Giordano, P. C. (2024) · Journal of Human Services · doi:10.52678/001c.117729 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Child health and its effect on adult social capital accumulation
Lebenbaum, M., de Oliveira, C., Gagnon, F., & Laporte, A. (2024) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.4792 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kelly, L. M., Meeker, E. C., Zajac, K., Bryan, R., & O’Connor, B. C. (2023) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000947 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Crume, T., Powers, S. E., Dufford, A. J., & Kim, P. (2022) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-022-00419-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Thomas, S. A., Thompson, E. C., Peters, J. R., Micalizzi, L., Meisel, S. N., Maron, M. M., Ryan, S. K., & Wolff, J. C. (2024) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01731-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Trovini, G., Amici, E., Bauco, P., Matrone, M., Lombardozzi, G., Giovanetti, V., Kotzalidis, G. D., & Filippis, S. D. (2023) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2436 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Johnson, M. E., Rigg, K. K., Vroom, E. B., Akbari, Z., & Bristol, S. C. (2022) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2022.2148477 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Research indicates that ACEs are associated with a higher likelihood of SU (Ding et al., 2014; Dube et al., 2003; Johnson et al., 2006; Shin et al., 2018) and SUD (Bender et al., 2015; LeTendre & Reed, 2017).”
BackgroundEisman, A. B., Palinkas, L. A., Koffkey, C., Herrenkohl, T. I., Abbasi, U., Fridline, J., Lundahl, L. H., & Kilbourne, A. M. (2022) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-022-01145-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“” Collectively, this research underscores the need for implementation strategies to facilitate the responsiveness of EBIs for those disproportionately at risk of marginalization, trauma, and ultimately substance misuse, abuse, and the development of substance use disorders [42, 43].”
BackgroundLogan, T., Cole, J., & Schroeder, M. (2021) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/00220426211056601 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…outcomes, suicidality (Hughes et al., 2017; Thompson, Kingree, & Lamis, 2019), physical health outcomes, and substance use (Hughes et al., 2017; Letendre & Reed, 2017; Merrick et al., 2019; Petruccelli, Davis, & Berman, 2019) as well as economic vulnerability in adulthood (Merrick, Ford,…”
BackgroundRojas-Jara, C., Polanco-Carrasco, R., Caycho‐Rodríguez, T., Acuña-Espinoza, R., González-Serrano, C., Roa-Méndez, P., Rojas-Román, A., & Sepúlveda-López, M. A. (2021) · Universitas Psychologica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.upsy20.eaiu · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Johnson, M. E., & Zaidi, F. (2021) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2021.1891414 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Abdalá, A. L., Muñoz, A. C., Cantú, V. C., Moreno, Ó. G. C., & Franco, N. A. O. (2020) · Acta Pediátrica de México · doi:10.18233/apm41no4pp165-1771883 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Influence of Early Life Stress on Alcohol and Crack Dependents
Júnior, E. B. C., Fernandes, M. N. D. F., Gimenez, L. B. H., Stefanini, J. R., Zanetti, A. C. G., & Gherardi‐Donato, E. C. D. S. (2020) · Open Journal of Nursing · doi:10.4236/ojn.2020.105034 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Early stress is a significant public health problem associated with increased rates of psychiatric disorders, especially those related to drug abuse [8] [9] [10] [11].”
BackgroundSubstanzbezogene Störungen und traumatische Erfahrungen in der Kindheit
Wieland, N., & Klein, M. C. (2018) · Suchttherapie · doi:10.1055/a-0582-1751 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“LeTendre und Reed [19] schlossen die Daten einer späteren Befragungswelle ein und stellten fest, dass das Risiko für einen Substanzmissbrauch bzw. eine –abhängigkeit im jungen Erwachsenenalter mit Zunahme der berichteten Fälle von emotionaler, körperlicher und sexueller Gewalt stieg.”
Harm Reduction and Substance Use in Adolescents
Witt, L. B., Greenberg, J., & Cantone, R. E. (2024) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2024.05.005 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wagstaff, C., Davis, A., Jackson-McConnell, E., MacDonald, M., Medlyn, A., & Pillon, S. C. (2023) · Drugs Habits and Social Policy · doi:10.1108/dhs-04-2023-0012 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Baishya, M. L., Zisman‐Ilani, Y., Hoadley, A., Litsas, D. C., Roth, S. C., & Collins, B. N. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066796 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Devine, C., & Cohen‐Cline, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710578 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kim, H. K., & Bruce, J. (2021) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/10775595211031349 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…maltreatment is a well-known transdiagnostic risk factor that is closely linked to various types of psychopathology (Buckingham & Daniolos, 2013; LeTendre & Reed, 2017) and a particularly potent risk factor for early onset of alcohol use and higher levels of alcohol misuse and AUD in adulthood…”
BackgroundForensic neuropsychological assessment of children victims of violence
Sales, S. S., Knapik, J., & Cruz, R. M. (2020) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8750 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Trapped in time: Time perspective explains PTSD symptom severity following childhood abuse
Keidar, A., Gafter, L., & Lahav, Y. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107450 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Leza, L., López-Goñi, J. J., Arteaga, A., & Fernández‐Montalvo, J. (2025) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2025.6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Al-Issa, R. S., Krauss, S. E., Roslan, S. B., & Abdullah, H. B. (2023) · Journal of Beliefs and Values · doi:10.1080/13617672.2023.2279430 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…that religiosity can protect young people from drug, alcohol and tobacco use (Gryczynski and Ward 2011; Haber and Jacob 2007; Johnson et al. 2000; LeTendre and Reed 2017; Mason and Spoth 2011; Pitel et al. 2012; Salas-Wright et al. 2017; Steinman and Zimmerman 2004; Stewart and Bolland 2002) and…”
Mapping local policy approaches to child neglect assessment practice and use of tools in England
Duman, M., Bekaert, S., Cocks, A. J., & Appleton, J. V. (2023) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2842 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Thomas, S. A., Thompson, E., Peters, J. R., et al. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/hy8vu · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Aschengrau, A., Winter, M. R., & Shea, M. G. (2023) · Addiction and substance abuse · doi:10.46439/addiction.2.007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The longitudinal study by LeTendre and Reed [19] found that attendance at religious services and activities reduced the risk of developing drug use disorder but no moderating impacts were observed among individuals with ACEs (Odds Ratio: 1.0 for interaction between adverse childhood experiences and religiosity, 95% CI…”
BackgroundInfluentialChildhood abuse and substance use in Canada: does religion ameliorate or intensify that association?
Chai, L., & Xue, J. (2022) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2022.2103466 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…since the 2014 GSS only provided measures of childhood physical and sexual abuse, we were unable to examine whether religion would moderate the associations of other forms of childhood (e.g., childhood emotional or verbal abuse) with substance use (Crouch et al., 2018; LeTendre & Reed, 2017).”
BackgroundTürkmen, C., Machunze, N., Tan, H., Gerhardt, S., Kiefer, F., & Vollstädt‐Klein, S. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058645 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Estresse precoce, impulsividade e comportamento suicida em usuários de substâncias psicoativas
Júnior, E. B. C. (2020) · doi:10.11606/t.22.2020.tde-17032021-102918 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lee, J. Y., Pahl, K., & Kim, W. (2020) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2020.1784301 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“More specifically, a study using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 11,279) reported that a positive relationship between adverse childhood experience index consisting of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and CUDs (LeTendre & Reed, 2017).”
BackgroundMethodSubstance Dependence Comorbidity With Mental Disorders in Egyptian Young Adults
El-Shinnawy, H., Sayed, R. H., Khalil, M. A. E. F., & Ayoub, D. R. (2020) · Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment · doi:10.1097/adt.0000000000000208 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hallit, J., Salameh, P., Haddad, C., Sacre, H., Soufia, M., Akel, M., Obeïd, S., Hallit, R. R., & Hallit, S. R. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.2.22160/v2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effective Factors in First Drug Use Experience Among Male and Female Addicts: A Qualitative Study
Rahmati, A., Herfeh, F. Z., & Hosseini, S. O. (2018) · international journal high risk behaviors & addiction · doi:10.5812/ijhrba.66547 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Also, adverse childhood experiences (11), parental divorce/separation (12, 13), stress (14), and little involvement with religion (15, 16) are some other factors effecting the possibility of drug use.”
BackgroundPredicting Substance Use in Young Adults: The Role of Childhood Adversity
Sinkevicius, L. V., Sakalauskaitė, S., Poškus, M. S., & Serapinas, D. (2026) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina62040772 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Like other researchers [54,69,71], we found a connection between childhood sexual abuse and alcohol use severity.”
Seok, J., Kim, K., & Kim, J. U. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1660046 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yampolskaya, S., Walker-Egea, C., Callejas, L. M., & Jarvis, J. E. (2025) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1080/01488376.2025.2451937 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“For example, lifetime trauma exposure has been linked to cannabis use (Kevorkian et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2020), substance use disorder diagnosis (LeTendre & Reed, 2017), and drug use (Ullman et al., 2013).”
Khave, L. J., Stefanovics, E. A., Potenza, M. N., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-024-01412-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“ACEs typically precede the development of AUD and exhibit a cumulative pattern, where the likelihood of developing AUD increases with the number of ACEs experienced (LeTendre & Reed, 2017; Leza et al., 2021; Moore et al., 2024).”
Lam-Hine, T., Riddell, C. A., Bradshaw, P. T., Omi, M., & Allen, A. M. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.09.25.23296116 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Impact of Opioid Use Disorder on Families and Children
Winstanley, E. L., Newhouse, A., & Law, K. B. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197618431.013.37 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders
Baca-Atlas, M., Baca-Atlas, S. N., & Fedoriw, K. B. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29171-5_6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Initial use of tobacco or marijuana and later use profiles in young adults
Park, A., Vu, M., Haardörfer, R., Windle, M. T., & Berg, C. J. (2020) · Tobacco Prevention & Cessation · doi:10.18332/tpc/117070 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Regarding psychosocial factors, tobacco use and development of addiction have been associated with experiencing more adverse childhood events (ACEs), e.g. physical or sexual threat or abuse, parental divorce or separation 27,28 ; as well as having higher depressive 29 and ADHD symptoms 29 .”
- Authors
- LeTendre, M. L., & Reed, M. B.
- Affiliations
- San Diego State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reed, Mark B.
- Venue
- Substance Use & Misuse
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-02-01
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 689-697
- ISSN
- 1082-6084 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2491
- PMC
- PMC5519323
- OpenAlex
- W2584413012
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 12.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Substance Use & Misuse (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD031921)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- adverse childhood experiences, substance use disorders, alcoholism, cannabis use disorder, drug use disorders, physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, religiosity, moderation, childhood adversity, Add Health
- MeSH terms
- Marijuana Use, Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism, Child, Child Abuse, Child Abuse, Sexual, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Religion, Risk Factors, United States, Logistic Models, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult
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