The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Lessons From 20 Years of Human–Elephant Conflict Mitigation in Africa
Abstract
The further refinement and re-assessment of human–elephant conflict (HEC) mitigation methods that has occurred since 2003 can be summarized into biological, physical, and governance categories. The most important distinction is between those measures applied against animals and used within the conflict zone, which are mostly used in the shorter term (except some fencing), and those measures working with people in the longer term, which rely heavily on official policy and administration often situated beyond the conflict zone. Effective HEC mitigation is difficult to understand and problematic to implement; it remains a complex package of apparently disparate measures that have to be used in combination and flexibly, at different scales, for both animals and people. Future HEC mitigation will be as much an art as a science, but since we now have a solid research foundation, we can proceed with some confidence to address the inherent sociopolitical difficulties.
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“The imminent threats to African elephants include both poaching and human-elephant conflict (Campbell-Staton et al., 2021; Hauenstein et al., 2022; Hoare, 2015; Maisels et al., 2013; Schlossberg et al., 2020)”
From Do elephants really never forget? What we know about elephant memory and a call for further investigation (2025) · cites this paper as Hoare, 2015
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Cites
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Assessing farm-based measures for mitigating human-elephant conflict in Transmara District, Kenya
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Beehive fences as effective deterrents for crop-raiding elephants: field trials in northern Kenya
King, L. E., Douglas‐Hamilton, I., & Vollrath, F. W. (2011) · African Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2011.01275.x · Cited by 154
Hoare, R. E. (2012) · Pachyderm · doi:10.69649/pachyderm.v51i.291 · Cited by 119
Self-citationChiyo, P. I., Moss, C. J., & Alberts, S. C. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031382 · Cited by 106
No risk, no gain: effects of crop raiding and genetic diversity on body size in male elephants
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- Anonymous, 2007, Conservation, 8, 10
- Anonymous, 2010, Africa Geographic, February, 23
- Anonymous, 2012, Conservation, 12, 51
- Anstey S., 2010, Human-elephant conflict Vertical Integration Model, Mozambique and Tanzania
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Human-Elephant Conflict: A Review of Current Management Strategies and Future Directions
Shaffer, L. J., Khadka, K. K., Hoek, J. V. D., & Naithani, K. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2018.00235 · Cited by 416
Why social values cannot be changed for the sake of conservation
Manfredo, M. J., Bruskotter, J. T., Teel, T. L., Fulton, D. C., Schwartz, S. H., Arlinghaus, R., Oishi, S., Üskül, A. K., Redford, K. H., Kitayama, S., et al. (2016) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.12855 · Cited by 332
Hahn, N. R., Mwakatobe, A., Konuche, J., de Souza, N., Keyyu, J. D., Goss, M., Chang'a, A., Palminteri, S., Dinerstein, E., & Olson, D. M. (2016) · Oryx · doi:10.1017/s0030605316000946 · Cited by 106
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hoare, R.
- Corresponding author
- Hoare, Richard
- Venue
- Human Dimensions of Wildlife
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-07-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 289-295
- ISSN
- 1087-1209 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-158X
- OpenAlex
- W1599774932
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 5.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Dimensions of Wildlife (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Keywords
- human-elephant conflict, conflict mitigation, elephant conservation, wildlife fencing, conflict governance, wildlife policy, human-wildlife coexistence, Africa
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