Cited by 39Online and Blended LearningOnline Learning and AnalyticsCommunication in Education and Healthcare

Social presence enhances student performance in an online geology course but depends on instructor facilitation

d’Alessio, Matthew A., Lundquist, Loraine L., Schwartz, Joshua J., Pedone, Vicki, Pavia, Jenni, Fleck, Jenna·2019·Journal of Geoscience Education

Abstract

Online courses can feel isolating and sometimes lack human connections that can motivate students. We developed a fully online geoscience course to build a ‘Community of Inquiry’ with attention to cognitive, social, and teaching presences. We ran the course using nearly identical materials for 8 semesters (recorded video lectures, labs, assignments, and assessments). Slight variations in instructor behavior caused profound impacts on student performance, creating a natural experiment to isolate factors that influence student performance. During semesters that instructors sent fewer course announcements and provided less feedback to students, about 50% more students earned D’s and F’s than semesters with frequent interactions. These performance drops correlated with drops in key indicators of social presence such as the number of students who thought the instructor knew their name. We developed an instrument to quantify student perceptions about the strength of student-student and instructor-student connections. An exploratory principal component analysis revealed two underlying constructs that we interpret as social presence and cognitive presence. We found that students with the highest reported social and cognitive presences had overall course grades an average of 12 points higher (out of 100) than those with the lowest presences, when all other factors were equal. Social and cognitive presence had relatively equal effects, but each explained more than 3 times the variance…

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Crossref · 10.1080/10899995.2019.1580179

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Authors
d’Alessio, M. A., Lundquist, L. L., Schwartz, J. J., Pedone, V., Pavia, J., & Fleck, J.
Affiliations
  • Department of Geological Sciences, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330-8266
  • California State University, Northridge (US)
Venue
Journal of Geoscience Education
Published
2019-05-02
Volume
67
Issue
3
Pages
222-236
ISSN
  • 1089-9995 (ISSN-L)
  • 2158-1428
OpenAlex
W2943199802
Cited by
39
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2
FWCI
14.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Geoscience Education (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Online Learning and Analytics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Communication in Education and Healthcare
Keywords
social presence, cognitive presence, community of inquiry, instructor facilitation, student performance, instructor feedback, student-student interaction, teacher-student relationship, student perceptions, online learning, course announcements

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