Applying Hierarchy of Expert Performance (HEP) to investigative interview evaluation: Strengths, challenges and future directions
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The purpose of this paper is to systematically examine the research literature on the decision of expert interviewers within the theoretical framework of the Hierarchy of Expert Performance (HEP). After providing an overview of the HEP framework, existing research in the investigative interviewing at each of the eight levels of the HEP framework is reviewed. The results identify areas of strength in reliability between experts’ observations (Level 2) and of weakness in reliability between experts’ conclusions (Level 6). Biases in investigative interview experts’ decision making is also revealed at biasability between expert conclusions (Level 8). Moreover, no published data are available in reliability within experts at the level of observations (Level 1) or conclusions (Level 5), biasability within or between expert observations (Level 3 and 4) and biasability within expert conclusions (Level 7). The findings highlight areas where future research and practical endeavour are much needed for the investigative interview.
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In child sexual abuse, the prior beliefs of the interviewer can cause them to ask suggestive questions and pursue the interview in directions that fit their prior beliefs.
“For example, in child sexual abuse, where the interview statements of alleged victims often become the primary source of evidence, the prior beliefs of the interviewer can cause them to ask suggestive questions and pursue the interview in directions that fit and correspond to their prior beliefs (Huang & Bull, 2021).”
From Biased and biasing: the hidden bias cascade and bias snowball effects (2025) · cites this paper as Huang & Bull, 2021
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- Authors
- Huang, C.-Y., & Bull, R.
- Affiliations
- Bournemouth University (GB)
- University of Derby (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Ching-Yu
- Venue
- Psychiatry, Psychology and Law
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-06-16
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 255-273
- ISSN
- 1321-8719 (ISSN-L)
- 1934-1687
- PMC
- PMC8547860
- OpenAlex
- W3036053419
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 3.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Psychiatry Psychology and Law (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Derby Online Research Archive. (University of Derby) (submittedVersion)
- Keele Research Repository (Keele University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Deception detection and forensic psychology
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Keywords
- investigative interviewing, forensic interviewing
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