Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 697

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Irresistible forces, immovable objects: post-industrial welfare states confront permanent austerity

Pierson, Paul·1998·Journal of European Public Policy

Abstract

The welfare states of affluent democracies face severe budgetary strain, increasing policy rigidities, and growing political controversy. Although these developments are often attributed to shifts in the global economy, three post-industrial transitions have been at least as important: the relative growth of the service sector, the maturation of governmental commitments, and population aging. These transitions create an environment of ongoing austerity, but the strength of support for public social provision in most countries makes the dismantling of the welfare state highly unlikely. Instead, successful reform is likely to be based on compromise and to take the form of restructuring and modernization of the social contract. The article concludes by outlining a research agenda for the investigation of this reform process.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/13501769880000011

Cites

19 of 19 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 19 references

Metadata

Authors
Pierson, P.
Venue
Journal of European Public Policy
Published
1998-12
Volume
5
Issue
4
Pages
539-560
ISSN
  • 1350-1763 (ISSN-L)
  • 1466-4429
OpenAlex
W2005125545
Cited by
697
References
19
FWCI
147.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Irresistible forces, immovable objects: post-industrial welfare states confront permanent austerity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/13501769880000011
The paper
Pierson, P. (1998). Irresistible forces, immovable objects: post-industrial welfare states confront permanent austerity. Journal of European Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501769880000011

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.