Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism
Abstract
Authoritarian populist parties have advanced in many countries, and entered government in states as diverse as Austria, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Switzerland. Even small parties can still shift the policy agenda, as demonstrated by UKIP's role in catalyzing Brexit. Drawing on new evidence, this book advances a general theory why the silent revolution in values triggered a backlash fuelling support for authoritarian-populist parties and leaders in the US and Europe. The conclusion highlights the dangers of this development and what could be done to mitigate the risks to liberal democracy.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Trump aimed to be that strongman.
“Trump aimed to be that strongman (Howell & Moe, 2020;Norris & Inglehart, 2019;Sides et al., 2019).”
From The strongman presidency and the two logics of presidential power (2023) · cites this paper as Norris & Inglehart, 2019
Populism is an antisystem movement that sees itself as mobilizing the nation's real 'people' against the established 'system' and seeks a strongman leader who can get things done on his own, democracy be damned.
“Populism is an antisystem movement.It sees itself as mobilizing the nation's real”
From The strongman presidency and the two logics of presidential power (2023) · cites this paper as Norris & Inglehart, 2019
Cites
Schwartz, S. H. (1992) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60281-6 · Cited by 14,619 · see citing works
The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism
Hicks, A., & Esping-Andersen, G. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2073705 · Cited by 7,092 · see citing works
Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election
Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.31.2.211 · Cited by 6,767 · see citing works
Pettigrew, T. F. (1998) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.65 · Cited by 6,001 · see citing works
Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide
Norris, P. (2001) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139164887 · Cited by 2,921 · see citing works
Self-citationMaking Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems
Cox, G. W. (1997) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139174954 · Cited by 2,281 · see citing works
Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide
Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2004) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511791017 · Cited by 1,795 · see citing works
Self-citationAuthoritarianism and Polarization in American Politics
Hetherington, M. J., & Weiler, J. D. (2009) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511802331 · Cited by 910 · see citing works
Democracy and Working-Class Authoritarianism
Lipset, S. M. (1959) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089536 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Threat, authoritarianism, and selective exposure to information
Lavine, H., Lodge, M., & Freitas, K. (2005) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2005.00416.x · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Sides, J., Tesler, M., & Vavreck, L. (2017) · Journal of Democracy · doi:10.1353/jod.2017.0022 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
American Affective Polarization in Comparative Perspective
Gidron, N., Adams, J., & Horne, W. (2020) · doi:10.1017/9781108914123 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Schindler, S., Alami, I., DiCarlo, J., Jepson, N., Rolf, S., Bayırbağ, M. K., Cyuzuzo, L., DeBoom, M., Farahani, A. F., Liu, I. T., et al. (2024) · Geopolitics · doi:10.1080/14650045.2023.2253432 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Identity, beliefs, and political conflict
Bonomi, G., Gennaioli, N., & Tabellini, G. (2021) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjab034 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Democracy’s backsliding in the international environment
Hyde, S. D. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb2434 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Public Administration Under Populist Rule: Standing Up Against Democratic Backsliding
Bauer, M. W. (2024) · International Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1080/01900692.2023.2243400 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Iosifidis, P., & Nicoli, N. (2020) · International Communication Gazette · doi:10.1177/1748048519880729 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Polarisation, identity and affect - conceptualising affective polarisation in multi-party systems
Röllicke, L. (2023) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2023.102655 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The strongman presidency and the two logics of presidential power
Howell, W. G., & Moe, T. M. (2023) · Presidential Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/psq.12830 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Cuarenta años de polarización ideológica en España
Rodriguez-Virgili, J., Portilla-Manjón, I., & Sierra-Iso, A. (2022) · Revista Empresa y Humanismo · doi:10.15581/015.xxv.2.75-103 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Culture wars, perception gap and affective polarization: an approach from the Spanish case
Rojo Martínez, J. M., Crespo Martínez, I., & Mora Rodríguez, A. (2023) · OBETS. Revista de Ciencias Sociales · doi:10.14198/obets.21976 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hanell, F. (2026) · Journal of Documentation · doi:10.1108/jd-07-2025-0187 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Norris, P., & Inglehart, R.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2019-02-11
- OpenAlex
- W4211061932
- Cited by
- 2,986
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 532 · 2025: 540 · 2024: 412 · 2023: 405 · 2022: 384 · 2021: 368 · 2020: 251 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 318.83
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Populism, Right-Wing Movements
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Keywords
- authoritarian populism, populist parties, cultural backlash, liberal democracy, Brexit, UK Independence Party, policy agenda setting
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
