Listening to young citizens: the struggle to make real a participatory paradigm in research with young children
Abstract
S Since the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was ratified in Citation1991, children's right to have a voice, and to have their opinions heard, has led many providers and practitioners in the field of early years to seek ways to involve children's perspectives in the evaluation and development of practice. Those who value democracy understand that encouraging young children to actively participate has long term implications for participatory citizenship. Researchers in early childhood have also been sensitised to the challenge of inclusive research, in which our youngest children are viewed as active subjects, rather than objects, in a research process that is set in the context of a democratic encounter. The Centre for Research in Early Childhood in Birmingham, England has a strong ethical commitment to including the voices of children as an integral part of all its research and development work. We operate through an ethos of empowerment of all participants, and aim for participatory research practice which has at its heart an active involvement in promoting the rights of children as citizens with voice and power. This paper will trace a brief history of the children's participatory position in England and explore the struggles and challenges we, as researchers, have faced in making our personal commitment to children's participation a reality. It will draw upon the work of a series of research and development projects we have undertaken over the last fifteen years in which we tried to work alongside children to explore and document their realities of life in early childhood settings. These projects include the Effective Early Learning (EEL) Programme, the Accounting Early for Life Long Learning (AcE) Programme, the Children Crossing Borders Project (Bertram and Pascal Citation2007) and the Opening Windows (OW) Programme. Through the work of these projects, and with an especial focus on the Children Crossing Borders research, which was the precursor to the OW programme, we explain how we have attempted to provide space for multiple voices in the research process. We share our learning about how better to support and listen to the voices of young children, who are the most often silenced in the production of knowledge and understandings about their lives. From this experience, methodological and epistemological lessons for researchers and practitioners will be identified and further explored. RÉSUMÉ: Depuis que la Convention des Nations Unies sur les Droits de l'Enfant a été ratifiée en 1991, le droit de l'enfant à exprimer ses opinions et à être entendu a conduit de nombreux gestionnaires et professionnels de la petite enfance à rechercher les moyens d'impliquer les points de vues et perspectives des enfants dans le développement et l'évaluation des pratiques. Les chercheurs sont également de plus en plus sensibilisés au défi d'une recherche inclusive, considérant nos plus jeunes enfants comme des sujets et non comme des objets de la recherche, celle‐ci étant conçue comme une situation de rencontre démocratique. Le Centre de Recherche sur la Petite Enfance de Birmingham (CREC), en Angleterre, s'est clairement engagé à inclure les voix des enfants dans tout son travail de recherche et de développement. Notre éthique est celle de l'empowerment de tous les participants et notre objectif, celui d'une pratique de recherche participative, avec une implication active dans la promotion des droits des enfants vus comme des citoyens ayant une voix et un pouvoir. Cet article retrace brièvement l'histoire de la position en faveur de la participation des enfants en Angleterre et explore les luttes et défis que nous, en tant que chercheurs, avons rencontrés dans nos efforts personnels pour faire en sorte que cette participation devienne réalité. L'article repose sur un ensemble de projets recherches et d'actions, menés depuis une quinzaine années, dans lesquelles nous avons essayé de travailler aux côtés des enfants pour saisir leurs réalités de vie dans les services de la petite enfance. Nous expliquerons comment, à travers ces différents projets, nous avons tenté de donner l'espace à l'expression d'une multiplicité de voix dans le processus de recherche, et plus particulièrement comment nous nous sommes efforcés de soutenir et d'écouter les voix des enfants, qui sont le plus souvent réduites au silence dans la production des connaissances et la compréhension des phénomènes qui les concernent. A partir de cette expérience, nous dégagerons des conclusions épistémologiques et méthodologiques pour la recherche et la pratique, et les interrogerons plus avant. Nous apprenons toujours. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Seit der Ratifizierung der UN Kinderrechtskonvention im Jahr 1991 hat das dort verankerte Recht des Kindes auf freie Meinungsäußerung Träger und Fachkräfte dazu veranlasst nach Wegen zu suchen um kindliche Meinungen und Sichtweisen in die Entwicklung und Evaluation ihrer Angebote einzubeziehen. Auch Forscher in Feld de
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Researchers were responsive to children's cues and interactional styles in the interviews, and used a range of creative techniques to support the interview when children wanted to use them.
“Figure: esea he s e e espo si e to hild e s ues a d i te a tio al st les i the i te ie s(Pascal & Bertram, 2009), and using a range of creative techniques to support the interview, when children wanted to use them(Fargas-Malet, McSherry, Larkin, & Robinson, 2010).”
From Children’s embodied experience of living with domestic violence: “I’d go into my panic, and shake, really bad” (2016) · cites this paper as Pascal & Bertram, 2009
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“…fl exivity as an ethical commitment to honour the speci fi city and complexity of children ’ s accounts, consistent with participatory research traditions that uphold children ’ s rights to express views and contribute meaningfully to research that affects them (Lundy, 2007; Pascal & Bertram, 2009).”
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Berman, R., & MacNevin, M. (2023) · doi:10.32920/21909258
- Authors
- Pascal, C., & Bertram, T.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Research in Early Childhood (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Pascal, Christine
- Bertram, Tony
- Venue
- European Early Childhood Education Research Journal
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 249-262
- ISSN
- 1350-293X (ISSN-L)
- 1752-1807
- OpenAlex
- W2103183003
- Cited by
- 257
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 32.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Early Childhood Education Research Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Children's Rights and Participation
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Participatory Visual Research Methods
- Keywords
- children's participation, participatory research, early childhood research, children's rights, children's voices, inclusive research, participatory citizenship, Convention on the Rights of the Child, research ethics, epistemology of research, children's perspectives, early years settings
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