The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
"MISSING WOMEN": REVISITING THE DEBATE
Abstract
In a series of papers in the late 1980s, Amartya Sen claimed that about 100 million women were "missing," referring to the number of females who had died as a result of unequal access to resources in parts of the developing world. A subsequent debate has refined these estimates using different demographic techniques. In this paper, we review this debate, provide an update on the number of "missing women," and investigate the determinants of current trends in gender bias in mortality. We find that the number of "missing women" has increased in absolute terms, but fallen as a share of the number of women alive. There have been improvements for women's relative survival in most of South Asia and the Middle East, but deteriorations in China. Improving female education and employment opportunities has helped to reduce gender bias, while the increasing recourse to sex-selective abortions has worsened it.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-3975 · Cited by 1,590
On Kinship Structure, Female Autonomy, and Demographic Behavior in India
Dyson, T., & Moore, M. (1983) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.2307/1972894 · Cited by 1,562
India Economic Development and Social Opportunity
Dréze, J., & Sen, A. (1996) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198290124.001.0001 · Cited by 1,390
A Field of One's Own: Gender and Land Rights in South Asia.
Harriss, J., & Agarwal, B. (1996) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2235579 · Cited by 1,260
Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation
Sen, A. (1983) · doi:10.1093/0198284632.001.0001 · Cited by 1,216
Regional Model Life Tables and Stable Populations
(1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-07295-7 · Cited by 1,141
Sex Bias in the Family Allocation of Food and Health Care in Rural Bangladesh
Chen, L. C., Huq, E., & D'Souza, S. (1981) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.2307/1972764 · Cited by 782
More Than 100 Million Women Are Missing
Sen, A. (2017) · Gender and Justice · doi:10.4324/9781315093727-13 · Cited by 602
Mortality, Fertility, and Gender Bias in India: A District-Level Analysis
Murthi, M., Guio, A.-C., & Dreze, J. (1995) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.2307/2137773 · Cited by 594
Statistical yearbook of Bangladesh
Byuro, B. P. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 544
Cited by
Alkire, S., & Santos, M. E. (2014) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.026 · Cited by 916
Klasen, S., & Lamanna, F. (2009) · Feminist Economics · doi:10.1080/13545700902893106 · Cited by 887
Self-citationThe Capability Approach in Practice*
Robeyns, I. (2006) · Journal of Political Philosophy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9760.2006.00263.x · Cited by 836
Missing Women: Age and Disease
ANDERSON, S., & RAY, D. (2010) · Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-937x.2010.00609.x · Cited by 315
Whitehead, M., Pennington, A., Orton, L., Nayak, S., Petticrew, M., Sowden, A., & White, M. (2016) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.02.002 · Cited by 255
Metadata
- Authors
- Klasen, S., & Wink, C.
- Venue
- Feminist Economics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 263-299
- ISSN
- 1354-5701 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-4372
- OpenAlex
- W2081758747
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 36
- FWCI
- 17.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: "MISSING WOMEN": REVISITING THE DEBATE. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/1354570022000077999
- The paper
- Klasen, S., & Wink, C. (2003). "MISSING WOMEN": REVISITING THE DEBATE. Feminist Economics. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000077999
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
