Cited by 887Gender, Labor, and Family DynamicsEconomic Growth and ProductivityEconomic Growth and Development

The impact of gender inequality in education and employment on economic growth: new evidence for a panel of countries

Open access
Klasen, Stephan, Lamanna, Francesca·2009·Feminist Economics

Abstract

Using cross-country and panel regressions, we investigate to what extent gender gaps in education and employment (proxied using gender gaps in labor force participation) reduce economic growth. Using the most recent data and investigating an extended time period (1960–2000), we update the results of previous studies on education gaps on growth and extend the analysis to employment gaps using panel data. We find that gender gaps in education and employment considerably reduce economic growth. The combined “costs” of education and employment gaps in the Middle East and North Africa, and South Asia amount respectively to 0.9–1.7 and 0.1–1.6 percentage point differences in growth compared to East Asia. Gender gaps in employment appear to have an increasing effect on economic growth differences between regions, with the Middle East and North Africa, and South Asia suffering from slower growth in female employment.

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Crossref · 10.1080/13545700902893106

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Authors
Klasen, S., & Lamanna, F.
Affiliations
  • University of Göttingen (DE)
  • World Bank Group (US)
Corresponding author
  • Klasen, Stephan
  • Lamanna, Francesca
Venue
Feminist Economics
Published
2009-07-01
Volume
15
Issue
3
Pages
91-132
ISSN
  • 1354-5701 (ISSN-L)
  • 1466-4372
OpenAlex
W1990580613
Cited by
887
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 83 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 90 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 22
FWCI
38.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-nd
Locations
  • Feminist Economics (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • GRO (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Growth and Productivity
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Economic Growth and Development
Keywords
gender inequality, gender gaps in education, gender employment gap, female labor force participation, economic growth, Middle East and North Africa, South Asia

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