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Cited by 69Political Conflict and GovernanceDefense, Military, and Policy StudiesHealth and Conflict Studies

Civil conflict in developing countries over the last quarter of a century: An empirical overview of economic and social consequences

Stewart, Frances, Humphreys, Frank P., Lea, Nick·1997·Oxford Development Studies
DOI 10.1080/13600819708424120
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Abstract

There is a growing number of wars in developing countries and they are∼ concentrated among the least developed countries. This paper explores their economic and social consequences by examining the behaviour of countries worst affected by war from 1970 to 1990. Despite problems about methodology and data some important conclusions emerge. There were invariably large economic and social costs in addition to the direct battle deaths, although the effects varied according to the nature and duration of the conflict and the state of the economy. The costs are indicated by losses in GDP, exports and food production per capita compared with what might have been expected in the absence of conflict. In most cases, trends in infant mortality rates were significantly worse in war‐affected than comparable economies. The extent of these losses varied, however, while other effects, such as on savings and investment propensities, government revenue shares and expenditure on social services, differed sharply among economies in conflict, reflecting differences in conditions, in government and donor policy and civil and private initiatives.

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Crossref · 10.1080/13600819708424120

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  • Armed conflict hurts domestic as well as international trade, deters long-term investments and development assistance, and triggers capital flight.

    “Armed conflict also hurts domestic as well as international trade, deters long-term investments and development assistance, and triggers capital flight (125-128).”

    From Vicious Circles: Violence, Vulnerability, and Climate Change (2021) · cites this paper as [127]

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Authors
Stewart, F., Humphreys, F. P., & Lea, N.
Affiliations
University of Oxford (GB)
ORCID
Stewart, Frances
Venue
Oxford Development Studies
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
1997-02
Volume
25
Issue
1
Pages
11-41
ISSN
  • 0264-5491 (ISSN-L)
  • 1360-0818
  • 1469-9966
DOI
10.1080/13600819708424120
OpenAlex
W2119388640
Cited by
69
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
FWCI
14.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Oxford Development Studies (publishedVersion)
  • Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford) (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Defense, Military, and Policy Studies
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Conflict Studies
Keywords
civil conflict, war costs, developing countries, GDP loss, infant mortality, food production, exports, savings and investment, government revenue, social services, conflict duration, least developed countries

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