A Communication—Human Information Processing (C–HIP) approach to warning effectiveness in the workplace

Conzola, Vincent C.; Wogalter, Michael S.

doi:10.1080/13669870110062712

Cited by 91Safety Warnings and SignageOccupational Health and Safety ResearchRisk Perception and Management

A Communication—Human Information Processing (C–HIP) approach to warning effectiveness in the workplace

Conzola, Vincent C., Wogalter, Michael S.·2001·Journal of Risk Research

DOI 10.1080/13669870110062712

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Abstract

Warnings are one of several hazard control methods used to protect employees and property against danger and loss. This article surveys a set of factors known to influence the effectiveness of workplace warnings. The description of empirical research is organized around a communication–human information processing (C–HIP) model. The model begins with a source entity attempting to relay a warning message through one or more media/sensory channels to one or more receivers. At the receiver, processing begins when attention is switched to the warning message and then maintained while information is extracted. Processing continues through the successive stages of comprehension, beliefs and attitudes, motivation, and ends with compliance behaviour. Any of these stages can be a bottleneck that causes processing to stop, diminishing the effectiveness of the warning. The factors that are influential at each stage are described. The C–HIP model provides a structure to systematically examine factors that can cause risk communication to fail and for finding ways to improve risk communication in the workplace.

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Participants recognized the visually impressive TCCs, but just being salient on the screen was not enough for some participants to change their choice behavior.
“It was obvious that the participants recognized these visually impressive TCCs; however, the results suggested that just being salient on the screen was not enough for some of the participants to change their choice behavior [31, 40].”
From Adaptive trust calibration for human-AI collaboration (2020) · cites this paper as [40]

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Authors: Conzola, V. C., & Wogalter, M. S.
Affiliations: North Carolina State University (US)
Venue: Journal of Risk Research
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2001-10
Volume: 4
Issue: 4
Pages: 309-322
ISSN: 1366-9877 (ISSN-L)
1466-4461
DOI: 10.1080/13669870110062712
OpenAlex: W2160303144
Cited by: 91
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 0.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Risk Research (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Safety Warnings and Signage
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Radiological and Ultrasound Technology › Occupational Health and Safety Research
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Risk Perception and Management
Keywords: warning effectiveness, risk communication, hazard control, attention, message comprehension, motivation, compliance behavior

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A Communication—Human Information Processing (C–HIP) approach to warning effectiveness in the workplace

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