Identity change, uncertainty and mistrust in relation to fear and risk of COVID-19
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic produced threats not only to physical and psychological health but also to the very fabric of family, work and social life. Individuals differ markedly in their ability to cope with such threats. Drawing on Identity Process Theory, our study examines identity processes that shape emotional and attitudinal responses to COVID-19. Survey data were collected from 251 adults in the UK during July 2020. Identity resilience, trust in science and scientists, fear of COVID-19 and perceived own risk of infection were measured. Respondents then watched a video clip designed to focus their thinking further upon the disease. Immediately after, levels of feeling afraid, uncertainty about self-protection, mistrust of anyone offering COVID-19 advice, and perceptions of identity change were indexed. A structural equation model of the relationship between these variables was tested and proved a good fit for the data. Identity resilience is negatively related to fear of COVID-19, which in turn is positively related to perceived own risk of COVID-19. Lower identity resilience is associated with greater uncertainty and feeling more afraid. Greater identity change is associated with higher mistrust, uncertainty and feeling more afraid. Trust in science and scientists correlates positively with perceived own risk of COVID-19 and negatively with mistrust of those offering advice on preventive behaviour. This study shows the usefulness of the identity resilience concept in modelling responses to health hazards. It also illustrates that focusing, even for a short time, on the characteristics of such a hazard can elicit perceived identity changes. Arousing fear is unlikely to initiate self-protection in those who are already fearful or who have less identity resilience. Fostering greater general trust in science and scientists, though difficult, will be valuable, particularly in encouraging public acceptance of mass vaccination against the virus when misinformation and conspiracy theories about it abound.
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The majority of South Africans live below the poverty line, and thus, saving for times like the pandemic does not become feasible.
“Understandably so, the majority of South Africans live below the poverty line, and thus, saving for times like the pandemic does not become feasible [79].”
From Exploring Psychosocial Stressors and Coping Strategies During the COVID‐19 Lockdown: A Study of Two Low‐Income Communities in South Africa (2025) · cites this paper as [79]
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Trump, B. D., Keenan, J. M., & Linkov, I. (2025) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2025.2569437 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fear, anger, and COVID-19 risk: a longitudinal US study
Śleboda, P., de Bruin, W. B., Cohen, A. S., Otten, C. D., Lutzke, L., & Árvai, J. (2025) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2025.2485037 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Alraeesi, O., Remmani, N. B., & Alajmi, R. (2023) · Hamdan Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/hmj.hmj_79_22 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Strategic Communication – Contemporary Perspectives
Alghasi, S., Vanvik, E. C., Barland, J., Falkheimer, J., Dahlen, Ø. P., Diers-Lawson, A. R., Fredheim, N. A. G., Jensen, H. H., Johannessen, M., Kalsnes, B., et al. (2024) · doi:10.23865/noasp.208 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kuş, O., & ÖZTÜRK, İ. D. (2021) · Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.17829/turcom.933550 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lamy, L., Guegan, J., Fischer‐Lokou, J., & Guéguen, N. (2021) · Health Psychology Report · doi:10.5114/hpr.2021.111084 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Budak, U. S., & Yerdelen-Damar, S. (2025) · Science education international · doi:10.33828/sei.v36.i2.3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shi, J., Liu, Y., Xu, W., & Tang, Y. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105965 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Figueredo, P. M., & Cavazotte, F. (2025) · Cadernos EBAPE BR · doi:10.1590/1679-395120230118x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
New Perspectives on Strategic Communication
Alghasi, S., & Falkheimer, J. (2024) · doi:10.23865/noasp.208.ch1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The effects of COVID-19 on wellbeing and resilience among Muslims in Turkey
Ok, Ü., Gören, A. B., & BAYER, N. (2024) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2023.2243241 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
L’adhésion à la pensée conspirationniste dans le contexte de la pandémie de COVID‑19 au Québec
Morin, D., Bédard, S., Carignan, M.-È., & Daxhelet, M.-L. (2024) · Politique et Sociétés · doi:10.7202/1111454ar · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Panic buying in the community as a coping strategy in response to Covid-19
Jaspal, R. (2021) · Health Psychology Update · doi:10.53841/bpshpu.2021.30.2.3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationBarker, T., & Kellogg, J. (2022) · Journal of Education and Learning · doi:10.5539/jel.v11n5p1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Psychological Influences on COVID-19 Preventive Behaviours and Vaccine Engagement in the USA and UK
Jaspal, R., Barnett, J. C., Wright, D. B., & Breakwell, G. M. (2022) · doi:10.5871/c19-recovery/r-j-j-b-d-w-g-b · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationChaos Management Leadership Resulting From the Pandemic in Ibero-American Universities
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Managing Business Continuity in the COVID-19 Era
Mak, C. W., & Pruetipibultham, O. (2022) · Advances in human resources management and organizational development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9840-5.ch016
Politikos lyderio krizių komunikacija socialiniuose tinkluose COVID-19 pandemijos laikotarpiu
Jurkevičienė, J., & Bičkutė, R. (2022) · Public Policy And Administration · doi:10.5755/j01.ppaa.21.3.32216
Psychological Influences on COVID-19 Preventive Behaviours and Vaccine Engagement in the USA and UK
Jaspal, R., Barnett, J. C., Wright, D. B., & Breakwell, G. M. (2023) · doi:10.5871/c19-recovery/r-j-j-b-d-w-g-b-spanish
Self-citationSummers, R. (2023) · Contemporary trends and issues in science education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-46073-9_13
Public uncertainties in relation to COVID-19 vaccines in the United Kingdom
Jaspal, R., & Breakwell, G. M. (2023) · Journal of the British Academy · doi:10.5871/jba/011s5.059
Self-citationMisstrauen. Eine interdisziplinäre Bestandsaufnahme
Basel, J. S., & Brühl, R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65575-7_11
Terzi̇, B., Azizoğlu, F., & Seven, Ç. (2023) · Makara Journal of Health Research · doi:10.7454/msk.v27i3.1513
Diers-Lawson, A. R., & Fredheim, N. A. G. (2024) · doi:10.23865/noasp.208.ch3
Nilsen, A., Pro-Rector, J. B., & Sandstad, B. B. (2024) · doi:10.23865/noasp.208.ch7
Strengthened Trust? Immigrants’ Media Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Norway
Alghasi, S., & Stampe, P. L. (2024) · doi:10.23865/noasp.208.ch2
Developing social psychological theory and methods in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Jaspal, R., & Breakwell, G. M. (2024) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781032646824-3
Self-citationSurgeon Fear in the Operating Room and Its Link to Identity
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Preparing for International and Cross‐Cultural Crises
Duncan, B., & Diers-Lawson, A. R. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394180844.ch49
- Authors
- Breakwell, G. M., & Jaspal, R.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Nottingham Trent University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Jaspal, Rusi
- Venue
- Journal of Risk Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-12-26
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 335-351
- ISSN
- 1366-9877 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-4461
- OpenAlex
- W3116849499
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 21.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Risk Research (publishedVersion)
- Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Risk Perception and Management
- Social Sciences › Communication › Communication and COVID-19 Impact
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, identity resilience, personal transformation, fear, risk perception, uncertainty, distrust, public trust in science, self-protection, health risk perception, identity process theory, vaccine acceptance, misinformation
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