Terrors of the house and field: saccharine gothic and Caribbean plantation literatures

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

James's representation of Lilith is modelled upon the ancient Sumerian and Jewish myth of the first wife of Adam.

“As her name suggests, Lilith is modelled upon the ancient Sumerian and Jewish myth that tells the story of the first wife of Adam.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

In the novel, the power of the Obeah is crystallized in the figure of Homer, the head house slave and leader of the night women's rebellion, who frequently draws on Obeah to assert her resistance to enslavement.

“In the novel, the power of the Obeah is crystallized in the figure of Homer, the head house slave and leader of the night women's rebellion, who frequently draws on Obeah to assert her resistance to enslavement.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

James' narrative charts efforts by enslaved women-the night women-to resist plantation slavery.

“Set in Jamaica during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, James' narrative charts the efforts made by a group of enslaved womenthe so-called night womento resist the system of plantation slavery.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

In The Book of Night Women, nearly all of the night women are violently tortured and killed as punishment for their involvement in the uprising.

“when nearly all of the night women are violently tortured and killed as punishment for their involvement in the uprising”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

To furnish his women characters with an armoury of dissent, James borrows from a series of different folkloric traditions.

“To furnish his women characters with an armoury of dissent, James borrows from a series of different folkloric traditions.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Like Walrond, James looks to the figure of the soucouyant for gothic inspiration.

“Like Walrond, James similarly looks to the figure of the soucouyant for gothic inspiration.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The novel offers frequent, horrifying descriptions of the violence enacted upon the bodies of James' enslaved characters.

“To this end, the novel makes no bones about the terrors and traumas of slavery by offering readers frequent, horrifying descriptions of the violence enacted upon the bodies of his enslaved characters.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Much of the novel's action centres on the struggle of women against the patriarchal control attendant upon, and integral to, the process of sugar cash-cropping.

“Much of the novel's action centres on the struggle of women against the patriarchal control attendant upon, and integral to, the process of sugar cash-cropping.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In a particularly horrifying scene, Lilith is forced to masturbate Mr Roger, Isobel's father and the owner of Montpelier's neighbouring plantation.

“In a particularly horrifying scene, Lilith is forced to masturbate Mr Roger, Isobel's father and the owner of Montpelier's neighbouring plantation.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

In The Book of Night Women, Lilith survives only because she chooses at the last moment to seek sanctuary in her white father's house.

“Lilith survives only because she chooses at the last moment to seek sanctuary in her white father's house.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

James achieves this by activating the bloody associations of the colour red.

“This James achieves by activating the bloody associations of the colour red:”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

James's depiction of Lilith showcases a clear affiliation with the Jewish and Mesopotamian tradition and also explicitly draws on Caribbean mythology.

“While James' depiction of Lilith showcases a clear affiliation with the Jewish and Mesopotamian tradition, it also explicitly draws on Caribbean mythology.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Walrond's The Vampire Bat is haunted by Barbados' reincarnation of King Sugar in the 1940s.

“In an echo of Walrond's “The Vampire Bat”, which is haunted by Barbados' reincarnation of King Sugar in the 1940s”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

While much of the action pivots on the night women's planned rebellion, this fails at the novel's brutal climax and eventual denouement, when nearly all of the night women are violently tortured and killed as punishment for their involvement in the rebellion.

“While much of the action pivots on the night women's planned rebellion, this fails at the novel's brutal climax and eventual denouement, when nearly all of the night women are violently tortured and killed as punishment for their involvement in”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The narrator of The Book of Night Women is Lilith's daughter, Lovey, born of her affair with Robert Quinn.

“As we learn at the novel's conclusion, the narrator of the novel is Lilith's daughter, Lovey, born of her affair with Robert Quinn.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

For Lilith and many other female characters in the novel, the domestic space literally becomes a gothic enclosure fraught with peril.

“For Lilith, and many of the novel's other female characters, the domestic space literally becomes a gothic enclosure fraught with peril.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

In retaliation, Lilith burns down the plantation house and kills Isobel's entire family.

“In retaliation, Lilith delivers on the bloody promises of her vampiric namesakes: she burns down the plantation house and kills Isobel's entire family in the process.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

From Lilith, Lovey has learned to read and write.

“From Lilith, Lovey has learned to read and write”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The plantation mistress's fits of fancy and unexplained rages have resulted from the herbs Homer has been placing in her morning cup of tea.

“We learn, later, that the plantation mistress's fits of fancy and unexplained rages have resulted from the herbs Homer has been placing in her morning cup of tea”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The novel opens with the violent scene of Lilith's birth, which inserts both the reader and Lilith herself into the horrors of slavery.

“The novel opens with the violent scene of Lilith's birth, which inserts both the reader and Lilith herself into the horrors of slavery.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

In addition to making use of Caribbean spiritualities to disrupt the disciplinary logics of the plantation, the night women also employ literal forms of violence in response to a system of absolute brutality.

“In addition to making use of Caribbean spiritualities to disrupt the disciplinary logics of the plantation, the night women also employ literal forms of violence in response to a system of absolute brutality.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The narrative continually emphasizes the futility of redemption by invoking the metaphor of an inescapable circle.

“Instead, the narrative is continually at pains to emphasize the futility of redemption by invoking the metaphor of an inescapable circle.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

James sets The Book of Night Women during the height of the sugar revolution, when the British Empire consolidated itself as the world's dominant economic powerhouse.

“James, meanwhile, sets his novel during the height of the sugar revolution, when the British Empire consolidated itself as the world's dominant economic powerhouse.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Walrond's story draws on the gothic mode to situate a series of terrors and anxieties within the plantation field.

“Set in the aftermath of legalized slavery and during the historic breakdown of the Barbadian sugar industry, the story draws on the gothic mode to situate a series of terrors and anxieties within the plantation field.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The two selected texts, Walrond's 'The Vampire Bat' and James' The Book of Night Women, are representative enough of Caribbean plantation literatures to support a general mode of analysis connecting gothic eruptions to ecological revolutions.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Literary texts can be read as encoding the socio-ecological transformations of their historical moments.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The plantation was a site of real-life horror for the enslaved.

“Maisha Webster (2012) has more recently emphasized how the plantation was a site of real-life horror for the enslaved.”

• cites Webster 2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The gothic has long been theorized as a literary genre particularly adequate to capturing the everyday experiences elicited by capitalist commodification.

“The gothic has long been theorized as a literary genre particularly adequate to capturing the everyday experiences elicited by capitalist commodification.”

• cites Shapiro 2008 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Prout's return to Waterford is meant to herald the reinstatement of order in the colony, yet he arrives in Barbados to find his empire in ruin.

“Prout's return to Waterford is meant to herald the reinstatement of order in the colony, yet he arrives in Barbados to find his empire in ruin.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Walrond's tale provides a window into the socially and ecologically transformative moment of the Barbadian sugar crisis.

“Walrond's tale provides a window, then, into this socially and ecologically transformative moment.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

In Walrond's tale, his turn to the gothic gives expression to rising fears of labour insurrection and the ongoing horrors of the colonial plantation system in Barbados at the turn of the twentieth century.

“In Walrond's tale, his turn to the gothic gives expression to rising fears of labour insurrection and the ongoing horrors of the colonial plantation system in Barbados at the turn of the twentieth century.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The two selected texts, Walrond's 'The Vampire Bat' and James' The Book of Night Women, are representative enough of Caribbean plantation literatures to support a general mode of analysis connecting gothic eruptions to ecological revolutions.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Literary texts can be read as encoding the socio-ecological transformations of their historical moments.

May combine two claims.

The anxiety induced in plantation owners like Prout is as much a fear of a loss in economic profit caused by the collapse in sugar prices as it is of the consequences of a breakdown in the island's longstanding racial hierarchies.

“The anxiety induced in plantation owners like Prout is as much a fear, then, of a loss in economic profit caused by the collapse in sugar prices as it is of the consequences of a breakdown in the island's longstanding racial hierarchies.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Walrond's emphasis on Prout's imperial perception of the landscape as fallen Eden underscores the social dimension of the plantation, foregrounding how it is produced and organized by the economic imperatives of the white colonial elite at the expense of the black worker; Prout's workers are impoverished not by a shortfall in the harvest but by a breakdown in commodity prices.

“The emphasis Walrond places on Prout's imperial perception of the landscape as fallen Eden underscores the social dimension of the interventions -0:0 plantation, foregrounding how it is produced and organized by the economic imperatives of the white colonial elite at the expense of the black worker; Prout's workers are impoverished not by a shortfall in the harvest but by a breakdown in commodity”

May combine two claims.

In retaliation, workers often turned to rebellion: setting fire to fields, stealing food, damaging property, and sometimes murdering plantation owners and overseers.

“In retaliation, workers often turned to precisely the kinds of rebellion portrayed in Walrond's story: setting fire to fields, stealing food, damaging property, and sometimes even murdering plantation owners and overseers (Carter 2012).”

• cites Carter 2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Wynter sees the arrival of sugar in the Caribbean as leading to a fracture between the plot and the plantation.

“Crucial to Wynter's analysis is that she sees the arrival of sugar in the Caribbean as leading to a fracture between two systemsthose of the plot and the plantation.”

• cites Wynter 1971Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Walrond's sardonic depiction of Prout enables the reader to apprehend the essential logics of capital in its imperial form.

“Prout's consciousness is crucial here, for Walrond's sardonic depiction of his protagonist enables the reader to apprehend the essential logics of capital in its imperial form.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Through Prout's consciousness, Walrond inverts ideological frameworks used to justify the colonial appropriation of land, particularly mythical constructions of the Caribbean as a terra nullius awaiting human intervention.

“Through Prout's consciousness, Walrond thus slyly inverts ideological frameworks that were used to justify the colonial appropriation of land, particularly mythical constructions of the Caribbean as a terra nullius awaiting human intervention that have been popular in colonial travel writing since the early modern period.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

It is the material reality of labour revolt, raised through the stench of the burning cane, which finally drives the threat of insurgency home.

“It is the material reality of labour revolt, here raised through the stench of the burning cane, which finally drives the threat of insurgency home.”

May combine two claims.

World-economic change cannot be decoupled from ecological change; economic and ecological transformation go hand in hand.

“The reason for this is that world-economic change cannot be decoupled from ecological change, for economic and ecological transformation go hand in hand.”

• cites Niblett 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

In contrast to Walrond, James turns his gaze away from the field in favour of the plantation household, which functions as the novel's central site of gothic horror.

“In contrast to Walrond, James turns his gaze away from the field in favour of the plantation household, which functions as the novel's central site of gothic horror.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The gothic is a carefully chosen ingredient in the visualization of the plantation as an artificial paradise, a depiction that refuses the naturalization of the plantation's material and ideological frameworks and the socio-ecological devastations they occasion.

“The gothic, then, is a carefully chosen ingredient in the visualization of the plantation as an artificial paradise, a depiction that usefully refuses the naturalization of the plantation's material and ideological frameworks, and the socio-ecological devastations that these occasion.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The production of life under capitalism must be understood as engendering an innately gothic experience.

“As Stephen Shapiro has shown, the production of life under capitalism must be understood as engendering an innately gothic experience.”

• cites Shapiro 2008 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Walrond's narrative continually highlights inherent links between the plantation's degradations and the imperialist logic of global capital.

“The inextricability of the Barbadian sugar crisis from this period of worldeconomic transition is further captured in Walrond's narrative through its continual highlighting of the inherent links between the plantation's degradations and the imperialist logic of global capital.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Walrond's inversion of the paradise myth is both a depiction of the ecological transformations caused by the cash-crop's exhaustive propensities and a reflection of the upheaval and reversal of the plantation's social structures of white domination and control.

“As such, Walrond's inversion of the paradise myth is both a depiction of the ecological transformations caused by the cash-crop's exhaustive propensities and a reflection of the upheaval and, indeed, reversal of the plantation's social structures of white domination and control.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Both enslaved and ex-slave narrators frequently made use of gothic devices to portray the realities of black life during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

“Webster suggests that both enslaved and ex-slave narrators frequently made use of gothic devices to portray the realities of black life during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.”

• cites Webster 2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Prout's return to the ruined plantation after his involvement in the Boer War serves as a literary restaging of the consequences of rapid colonial and imperial expansion from which the Barbadian issue of ecological degradation actually stems.

“In fact, Prout's return to the ruined plantation after his involvement in the Boer War serves as something of a literary (re)staging of the consequences of rapid colonial and imperial expansion from which the Barbadian issue of ecological degradation actually stems.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Both James and Walrond's literary aesthetics employ gothic ingredients to illustrate the various ways in which the environmental, political, and social lives of the plantation persist beyond the era of legalized slavery.

“While both James and Walrond's literary aesthetics can be understood as employing gothic ingredients to illustrate the various ways in which the environmental, political, and social lives of the plantation persist beyond the era of legalized slavery, another, equally generative way of theorizing the periodic eruption of the gothic in these texts is through a world-systems understanding of literary”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The two selected texts, Walrond's 'The Vampire Bat' and James' The Book of Night Women, are representative enough of Caribbean plantation literatures to support a general mode of analysis connecting gothic eruptions to ecological revolutions.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Literary texts can be read as encoding the socio-ecological transformations of their historical moments.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Walrond's gothic rendering of the field serves to illustrate how the ruination of the plantation is entirely socially produced.

“Key, also, to the text's gothic imagining of the ruined plantation is that it serves to illustrate how its ruination is entirely socially produced.”

May combine two claims.

Walrond sets his tale at the turn of the twentieth century, a crucial period in Barbadian history when the success of the island's sugar industry was finally beginning to wane.

“Given its historical signpostsits gesture to the end of the Second Boer War, for example -Walrond clearly sets his tale at the turn of the twentieth century; a crucial period in Barbadian history, when the success of the island's sugar industry was finally beginning to wane.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Walrond's depiction of the landscape as leached of life gives expression to both the global economic moment in which the story is set and the particularities of the Barbadian condition under the waning of British imperial power.

“Walrond's depiction of the landscape as leached of life can thus be seen as giving expression to both the global economic moment in which the story is set and the particularities of the Barbadian condition under the waning of British imperial power as it retreats from its Caribbean coloniesdegraded after centuries of plantation monocultureand expands to unleash its imperialist offensives against”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The divide of the Caribbean environment into the plot and plantation brought into being a crisis that challenges previous modes of cultural representation.

“Wynter views the divide of the Caribbean environment into the plot and plantation as in turn bringing into being a crisis that challenges previous modes of cultural representation.”

• cites Wynter 1971Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Through Prout's narrative consciousness, the plantation is encountered as a paradise lost; gothic devices of ruination and decay highlight the plantation as a depraved Eden-a once-lush garden gone to seed.

“It is through the narrative consciousness of Prout that we encounter the plantation as something of a paradise lost.The narrative's use of hallmark gothic devices like ruination and decay here highlight how the plantation functions as a kind of depraved (Martens and Robertson 2019).”

• cites Martens and Robertson 2019Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Formal emancipation did not herald the end of the plantation system's history of coerced labour.

“As is well known, formal emancipation did not herald the end of the plantation system's history of coerced labour.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

James provides the perspective of a mixed-race, enslaved woman who works in the plantation home, departing from Walrond's white male colonizer voice.

“The insights offered into Lilith's consciousness mark a significant departure from Walrond's story; in place of the voice of the white male colonizer, James provides us with the perspective of a mixed-race, enslaved woman who works in the plantation home.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

This journey is rewritten in the slave narrative in terms of the slave's passage from physical enslavement, to harrowing escape experience, to ultimate freedom, binding emancipation tightly to the process of religious conversion.

“This journey is rewritten in the slave narrative in terms of the slave's passage from physical enslavement, to harrowing escape experience, to ultimate freedom, binding emancipation tightly to the process of religious conversion.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

James' The Book of Night Women renders the convulsions of world-ecological transition in particularly explicit ways.

“If Walrond's tale only begins to register the contours of unfolding global change, then James' The Book of Night Women renders the convulsions of world-ecological transition in particularly explicit ways.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The Book of Night Women foregrounds the insurgence associated with the soucouyant and the act of writing as revolutionary.

“the novel foregrounds the insurgence associated with the soucouyantand the act of writing as revolutionary”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

As capital penetrates and restructures Jamaica's ecological landscape via cash-cropping, it transforms the household into a gothic site of terror, triggering forms of feminine resistance against monocultural capitalism's intimate bodily invasions.

“As capital penetrates and restructures Jamaica's ecological landscape via cash-cropping, so, too, does it transform the household into a gothic site of terror, triggering forms of feminine resistance against (monocultural) capitalism's intimate bodily invasions.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: In pre-industrial economies, home and commerce, production and social reproduction, women and men, were located in the same world of daily experience.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The development of the industrial market economy fundamentally undermined the relationship between production and social reproduction that previously existed.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The Book of Night Women raises the question of generational inheritance.

“the question of generational inheritance is also raised”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The gothic genre tends towards a final framing sanctuary in which gothic villains and the evil associated with them are likely to be quashed by the end of the fiction, or at least quietened as a sense of order is restored.

“Many critics have noted how the gothic genre tends towards a “final framing sanctuary” wherein “gothic villains, and the evil associated with them, are likely to be quashed by the end of the fiction, or at least quietened as a sense of order (even if only temporarily) is restored” (Hubner 2018, 43).”

• cites Hubner 2018, 43 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

James sees in the gothic the potential to concretize the socio-ecological transformations that unfolded in Jamaica with its forcible conversion into the world's leading sugar producer during the second half of the 1700s.

“Like Walrond, however, James sees in the gothic the potential to concretize the manifold socio-ecological transformations that unfolded in Jamaica with its forcible conversion into the world's leading sugar producer during the second half of the 1700s.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Jamaica was forcibly converted into the world's leading sugar producer during the second half of the 1700s.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The novel's nightmarish rendition of the plantation home offers a reminder of capitalism's dialectic between production and social reproduction.

“The novel's nightmarish rendition of the plantation home offers a reminder, then, of capitalism's dialectic between production and social reproduction.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: In pre-industrial economies, home and commerce, production and social reproduction, women and men, were located in the same world of daily experience.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The development of the industrial market economy fundamentally undermined the relationship between production and social reproduction that previously existed.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Lovey associates the act of reading and writing with the soucouyant's ability to shed its epidermal casing and take on new form.

“an act which she associates with the soucouyant's ability to shed its epidermal casing and take on new form”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

The novel captures more contemporary realities even as it takes Jamaica's sugar revolution as its setting.

“Yet, even as the novel takes Jamaica's sugar revolution as its setting, it also captures more contemporary realities.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

James uses the register of gothic horror in The Book of Night Women to restructure the slave narrative and eschew its generic expectations.

“James makes use of the register of gothic horror, then, to restructure the slave narrative and eschew its generic expectations.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

James's The Book of Night Women reflects upon the plantation's cyclical future.

“James' The Book of Night Women reflects upon the plantation's cyclical future.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Walrond seems to have birthed a new monster of his own.

“Walrond, in fact, seems to have birthed a new monster of his own.”

• cites Walsh 2018 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Many of the novel's gothic effects register the reorganization of socio-ecological relations attendant on new rounds of imperialist plunder released in response to the financial crises of the early 2000s.

“Many of the novel's gothic effects, which resonate with the fears the genre typically mediatesof, for example, the monstrous feminine, racial others, and the power of nonhuman natureregister the reorganization of socio-ecological relations attendant on the new rounds of imperialist plunder that were released in response to the financial crises of the early 2000s.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The gothic plays a role in illuminating the projections of the plantation across space and time.

“the role played by the gothic in illuminating the projections of the plantation across space and time.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The novel reflects on the dynamics of the plantation that inform the conditions and power dynamics of the domestic sphere.

“In so doing, the novel reflects poignantly on the dynamics of the plantation that inform the conditions and power dynamics of the domestic sphere.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

These narratives remind us that the plantation-and the horrors it inaugurated-are both fundamental and continuous.

“these narratives remind us that the plantationand the horrors it inauguratedare both fundamental and continuous.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The gothic genre so often turns on a continual rupturing of the present by the past.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The novel's preoccupation with the forms of horror that take place within the plantation household's four walls plays a central role in refusing the naturalization and subsequent obscuration of these false divides.

“The novel's preoccupation with the forms of horror that take place within the plantation household's four walls plays a central role, therefore, in refusing the naturalization and subsequent obscuration of these false divides.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Walsh's emphasis on the child's regenerative associations establishes a new gothic figuration in the Caribbean literary canon.

“What interests me in particular is Walsh's emphasis on the child's regenerative associations because it establishes something of a new gothic figuration in the Caribbean literary canon.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

Walrond's tale registers a changing global order of imperial accumulation and signals the possibility of a postcolonial Barbadian future that might evade or counter the patterns of ecological and social destruction of the colonial Caribbean plantation complex.

“Thus, as much as the tale registers a changing global order of imperial accumulation, it also signals the possibility of a postcolonial Barbadian future that might evade or even counter the patterns of ecological and social destruction that characterized the interventions -0:0 colonial Caribbean plantation complex.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Walrond's expulsion of Prout from the colony advances Britain's declining power and the anticipation of a new order or regime.

“Britain's declining power and the anticipation of a new order or regime is further advanced through Walrond's expulsion of Prout from the colony.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Walrond's vampiric baby departs from the bolom in that it appears to be living and to have been abandoned rather than aborted or murdered.

“However, Walrond's vampiric baby departs from the bolom in that it appears to be living and to have been abandoned rather than aborted or murdered.”

• cites Walsh 2018 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Even as James looks to gothic figures like the soucouyant to express the horrors done to the body of the enslaved woman, he also pays homage to the histories of feminine resistance via his inclusion of Obeah.

“Thus, even as James looks to gothic figures like the soucouyant to express the horrors done to the body of the enslaved woman, he also pays homage to the histories of feminine resistance via his inclusion of Obeah.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The form of the slave narrative is based on the spiritual autobiography, which follows a three-part structure depicting a person's enslavement to sin, harrowing conversion experience, and subsequent state of spiritual rebirth.

“The form of the slave narrative is based on the spiritual autobiography, which follows a three-part structure depicting a person's enslavement to sin, harrowing conversion experience, and subsequent state of spiritual rebirth (Braxton 1990).”

• cites Braxton 1990Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Lovey makes use of the written word to pay homage, or give account of the league of women whose histories and acts of rebellion may otherwise have gone unspoken and unheard.

“Lovey makes use of the written word, using it to pay homage, or “give account of the league of women” (323) whose histories and acts of rebellion may otherwise have gone unspoken and unheard.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

James's use of the circle image returns to the notion of cyclical repetition.

“returns us, then, to the notion of cyclical repetition”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

While The Book of Night Women evidences a clear espousal of the slave narrative as form, it also departs from this trajectory, for the novel ultimately offers its characters no deliverance from slavery's terrors.

“While The Book of Night Women evidences a clear espousal of the slave narrative as form, it also departs from this trajectory, for the novel ultimately offers its characters no deliverance from slavery's terrors.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

James proffers history as an inescapable circle in which racialized and gendered violence persists from the plantation to the present.

“Ultimately, then, James proffers history as an inescapable circle in which racialized and gendered violence persists from the plantation to the present.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

James's novel redeems neither the violence that has come before nor expels the monstrous in order to reassert order.

“In contrast to these narratives, James' novel redeems neither the violence that has come before nor expels the monstrous in order to reassert order.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Even as James foregrounds the revolt of the night women against slavery, he never allows his characters any real possibility of redemption or escape from the plantation system.

“Yet, even as James foregrounds the revolt of the night women against slavery, he never allows his characters any real possibility of redemption or escape from the plantation system.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Gothic artifacts and performances emit category crisis codifications in the transition between two phases of capitalist development.

“gothic artifacts and performances often emit a set of category crisis codifications … in the transition between two phases of capitalist development”

• cites Shapiro 2008,35 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The novel's depiction of the home unleashes some of its most potent critiques of the sugar system.

“Indeed, it is in its depiction of the home that the novel unleashes some of its most potent critiques of the sugar system.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The instability of the child's monstrous status in Walrond's story expresses the transition between the dying of one ecological regime and the emergence of another.

“In particular, the instability of the child's monstrous statusis it a bolom or vampire, a traditional folkloric figure or something new altogether?-speaks to the ways in which the story looks to express the transition between the dying of one ecological regime and the emergence of another.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

James rejects the redemption motif in The Book of Night Women in favour of the image of a circle.

“James' rejection of the redemption motif in favour of the image of a circle returns us, then, to the notion of cyclical repetition”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

Walrond's story reflects on the conditions shaping its historical moment and summons up spectres of a yet-unrealized future.

“Thus, while Walrond's story reflects poignantly on the conditions that have shaped its particular historical moment, it also summons up the spectres of a yet-unrealized future.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

James's use of the soucouyant myth also foregrounds Lilith's, and the other night women's, rebellious spirits.

“But James' use of the soucouyant myth also foregrounds Lilith's, and the other night women's, rebellious spirits.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

In Walrond's story, the child registers both the exhaustions provoked by a breakdown in Barbados' sugar regime and an encroaching sense of the emergence of a new ecological order.

“Under these terms, it becomes clear that the child registers both the exhaustions provoked by a breakdown in Barbados' sugar regime and an encroaching sense of the emergence of a new ecological order.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Walrond's story turns on a moment of relative ecological exhaustion, while James' novel focuses on the heady days of Jamaica's sugar frontier.

“In contrast to Walrond's story, which turns on a moment of relative ecological exhaustion, James' novel takes as its focus the heady days of Jamaica's sugar frontier.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Walrond's gothic aesthetics elucidate and make manifest the socio-ecological degradations generated by Barbados' sugar crisis.

“While Walrond's gothic aesthetics elucidate and make manifest the various socio-ecological degradations generated by Barbados' sugar crisis, James' gothic effects furnish a literary critique of the brutal and bloody history of the Jamaican plantation institution.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Many attempts to resolve systemic crisis are legible in James' text, animating the novel's preoccupation with the plantation household.

“Many of these attempts to resolve systemic crisis are legible in James' text, particularly as they animate the novel's preoccupation with the plantation household.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Lovey's association with the soucouyant ultimately summons up the image of a future that is perpetually reprised.

“for Lovey's association with the soucouyant ultimately summons up the image of a future that is perpetually reprised.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

James' gothic effects furnish a literary critique of the brutal and bloody history of the Jamaican plantation institution.

“While Walrond's gothic aesthetics elucidate and make manifest the various socio-ecological degradations generated by Barbados' sugar crisis, James' gothic effects furnish a literary critique of the brutal and bloody history of the Jamaican plantation institution.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Like Lilith, Lovey has become something of a soucouyant.

“Like Lilith, then, Lovey has similarly become something of a soucouyant.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Lilith and the other night women's only hope of insurrection is to resort to equally violent forms of protest.

“Lilith and the other night women's only hope of insurrection, then, is to resort to equally violent forms of protest.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

This scene is one of many that showcase the influence of (Afro)-Caribbean spiritualities upon enslaved societies.

“This scene is one of many that showcase the influence of (Afro)-Caribbean spiritualities upon enslaved societies.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The baby Prout finds in the field is not a vampire bat but something else altogether.

“But the baby which Prout finds in the field is not, in fact, a vampire bat but something else altogether.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Lilith must turn to literal violence to protest her imbrication in the sugar system.

“Lilith, who must turn to literal violence to protest her imbrication in the sugar system”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Following the prefatory details, the slave narrator describes the precarious and dehumanizing aspects of slavery; a critical turning point describes the slave's desperate awakening in which he determines to be a slave no longer; following this determination, he plans and eventually executes his escape.

“A critical turning point describes the slave's desperate awakening in which he determines to be a slave no longer.Following this determination, he plans and eventually executes his escape.(Scott 2017)”

• cites Scott 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

According to the myth, Lilith was made from the same clay as Adam, which marked her as his equal.

“According to this story, Lilith was made from the same clay as Adam, which marked her as his equal.”

• cites Shapiro 2019 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Conflict arose between Adam and Lilith as Adam sought to exercise dominance over Lilith, who fled the Garden of Eden to gain her independence.

“Yet, conflict arose between the couple as Adam sought to exercise dominance over Lilith, who fled the Garden of Eden to gain her independence (Shapiro 2019).”

• cites Shapiro 2019 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The departure of empire in Walrond's story anticipates anti-colonial resistance, such as the Barbadian Labour Movement 1934-9.

“This departure of empire anticipates forms of anti-colonial resistance, such as the Barbadian Labour Movement 1934-9, which contributed to the island's eventual independence in 1966.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The Barbadian Labour Movement 1934-9 contributed to Barbados' eventual independence in 1966.