The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Definition, course, and outcome of mild cognitive impairment
Abstract
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a term which can be applied to a boundary area between dementia and normal aging. Criteria which reliably describe persons falling in this range of the cognitive continuum can be defined. These persons are at very high risk for developing dementia. Biologic and cognitive parameters including Apolipoprotein E genotype help to differentiate MCI persons who will progress to dementia in 2-4 years from those who will remain free from dementia over this interval.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This intermediate state has been termed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and clinical criteria for this diagnosis have been suggested(1–3).”
From Rates of hippocampal atrophy correlate with change in clinical status in aging and AD (2000) · cites this paper as [2]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915
Sheikh (1986) · doi:10.1300/j018v05n01_09 · Cited by 7,236
The American Journal of Human Genetics
S., J. (1950) · Population · doi:10.2307/1523704 · Cited by 5,124
The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia
Reisberg, ., Ferris, S. H., de Leon, M. J., & Crook, T. H. (1982) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.139.9.1136 · Cited by 5,122
Mirra, S. S., Heyman, A., McKeel, D., Sumi, S. M., Crain, B. J., Brownlee, L. M., Vogel, F. S., Hughes, J. P., Belle, G. V., Berg, L., et al. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.4.479 · Cited by 4,961
Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., Weıntraub, S., & Segal, O. (2001) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,378
Strittmatter, W. J., Saunders, A. M., Schmechel, D., Pericak-Vance, M., Enghild, J., Salvesen, G. S., & Roses, A. D. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.5.1977 · Cited by 4,268
L’examen Clinique en Psychologie
Rubé, P. (1959) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1959.13.4.989 · Cited by 3,299
Peter, H., Penzel, T., Peter, J. H., & Peter, J. G. (2025) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65186-5_302294 · Cited by 2,278
Reynolds, C. R., & Powel, J. (1988) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/3.4.397 · Cited by 2,123
Genuine memory deficits in dementia
Grober, E. H., & Herman Buschke, L. (1987) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565648709540361 · Cited by 1,045
Crook, T. H., Bartus, R. T., Ferris, S. H., Whitehouse, P. J., Cohen, G. D., & Gershon, S. (1986) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565648609540348 · Cited by 930
Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly: Predictors of dementia
Flicker, C., Ferris, S. H., & Reisberg, B. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.7.1006 · Cited by 838
Petersen, R. C. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520400044042 · Cited by 783
Self-citationClinical Dementia Rating (CDR)
Gauthier, S. G. (2001) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780203213896-34 · Cited by 696
American Journal of Psychiatry 1844-1994
(1994) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615376988 · Cited by 507
Morris, J. C., McKeel, D. W., Storandt, M., Rubin, E. H., Price, J. L., Grant, E. A., Ball, M. J., & Berg, L. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.4.469 · Cited by 473
Mayo's older americans normative studies: WAIS-R norms for ages 56 to 97
Ivnik, R. J., Malec, J. F., Smith, G. E., Tangalos, E. G., Petersen, R. C., Kokmen, E., & Kurland, L. T. (1992) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854049208401877 · Cited by 446
Self-citationNeuropsychological prediction of dementia and the absence of dementia in healthy elderly persons
Masur, D. M., Sliwinski, M., Lipton, R. B., Blau, A. D., & Crystal, H. A. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.8.1427 · Cited by 422
A Short Test of Mental Status: Description and Preliminary Results
Kokmen, E., Naessens, J. M., & Offord, K. P. (1987) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61905-3 · Cited by 350
Self-citationMemory function in very early Alzheimer's disease
Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Ivnik, R. J., Kokmen, E., & Tangalos, E. G. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.5.867 · Cited by 337
Self-citationApolipoprotein E: risk factor for Alzheimer disease.
Tsai, M. S., Tangalos, E. G., Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Schaid, D. J., Kokmen, E., Ivnik, R. J., & Thibodeau, S. N. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 268
Self-citationAlzheimerʼs Disease. A Report of Progress in Research
Netsky, M. G. (1983) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-198301000-00013 · Cited by 253
Meaker, M. K. (1987) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.41.4.269b · Cited by 213
Criteria for diagnosing age‐associated memory impairment: Proposed improvements from the field
Blackford, R., & la Rue, A. (1989) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565648909540440 · Cited by 182
Petersen, R. C. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.273.16.1274 · Cited by 134
Self-citationAge-associated memory impairment diagnoses: Problems of reliability and concerns for terminology.
Smith, G. E., Ivnik, R. J., Petersen, R. C., Malec, J. F., Kokmen, E., & Tangalos, E. (1991) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.6.4.551 · Cited by 95
Self-citationAge-associated memory impairment diagnoses: Problems of reliability and concerns for terminology.
Smith, G. E., Ivnik, R. J., Petersen, R. C., et al. (1991) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.6.4.551 · Cited by 66
Self-citationHeyman, A., Fillenbaum, G. G., & Mirra, S. S. (1990) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03323962 · Cited by 37
Solomon, R. Z. (1973) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.130.10.1136 · Cited by 19
Clusters of impaired normal elderly do not decline cognitively in 3 to 5 years.
Malec, J. F., Smith, G. E., Ivnik, R. J., Petersen, R. C., & Tangalos, E. G. (1996) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.10.1.66 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Benton A. L., 1978, Multilingual Aphasia Examination. Manual
- Berg L., 1988, Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 24, 637
- Jastak S., 1984, The Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised. Administration manual
- Mattis S., 1988, Dementia Rating Scale. Professional manual
- Reisberg B., 1982, American Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 1136
- Sheikh J. I., 1986, Clinical gerontology: A guide to assessment and intervention, 165
- Wechsler D. A., 1981, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gauthier, S. G., Reisberg, ., Zaudig, M., Petersen, R. C., Ritchie, K. A., Broich, K., Belleville, S., Brodaty, H., Bennett, D. A., Chertkow, H. M., et al. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68542-5 · Cited by 4,094
Self-citationPrediction of AD with MRI-based hippocampal volume in mild cognitive impairment
Jack, C. R., Petersen, R. C., Xu, Y. C., O’Brien, P. C., Smith, G. E., Ivnik, R. J., Boeve, B. F., Waring, S. C., Tangalos, E. G., & Kokmen, E. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.7.1397 · Cited by 1,404
Self-citationRates of hippocampal atrophy correlate with change in clinical status in aging and AD
Jack, C. R., Petersen, R. C., Xu, Y., O’Brien, P. C., Smith, G. E., Ivnik, R. J., Boeve, B. F., Tangalos, E. G., & Kokmen, E. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.4.484 · Cited by 937
Self-citationPetersen, R. C. (2016) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/con.0000000000000313 · Cited by 1,082
Self-citationAging, Memory, and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Petersen, R. C., Kokmen, E., Waring, S. C., Smith, G. E., Ivnik, R. J., & Tangelos, E. G. (1997) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610297004717 · Cited by 895
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, G. E., Petersen, R. C., Parisi, J. E., Ivnik, R. J., Kokmen, E., Tangalos, E. G., & Waring, S.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Venue
- Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1996-04
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 141-147
- ISSN
- 0928-9917 (ISSN-L)
- 1382-5585
- 1744-4128
- OpenAlex
- W2030120755
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- mild cognitive impairment, dementia risk, cognitive continuum, APOE genotype, conversion to dementia, diagnostic criteria, aging, cognitive decline
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
