The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effective microorganisms and their influence on vegetable production – a review
Abstract
SummaryThis review aims to describe the nature of effective microorganisms (EM) and how EM influence the growth, yield, quality, and protection of vegetable plants. EM comprise a mixture of live natural cultures of microorganisms isolated from fertile soils that are used to improve crop production. EM technology was developed over 40 years ago by Dr. Tero Higa in Japan. How EM act and interact in the soil-plant environment to suppress plant pathogens and disease, to conserve energy, to solubilise soil minerals, to aid the balance and ecology of soil microbes, and to improve photosynthetic efficiency and biological nitrogen fixation are described. In 70% of published studies, it was concluded that EM had a positive effect on the growth of vegetables, while, in the other 30%, they had no significant influence. In this investigation, among 22 reports on the effects of EM on the yields of vegetables, 84% were positive, 4% were negative, and 12% showed no significant influence. It is concluded that EM can improve the quality and yield of vegetables by reducing the incidence of pests and diseases, and by protecting against weeds, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture.
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In the citing paper
“It is important to note that the photosynthetic bacteria, being one of the major elements of EM, are critical in working synergistically with other microorganisms in reducing the incidence of pathogenic microorganisms as well as supporting nutritional requirements [29].”
From Environmental applications of Effective Microorganisms: a review of current knowledge and recommendations for future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Presently, EM has been adopted by over 100 countries across the globe, not on an experimentation basis but for commercial use as well as environmental management [29].”
From Environmental applications of Effective Microorganisms: a review of current knowledge and recommendations for future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
Citations
Cites
Beneficial and effective microorganisms in a sustainable agriculture and environment
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Ncube, N. (2008). Evaluation of Effective Microorganisms (EM) on Soil Chemical Properties and Yield of Selected Vegetables in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. M.Sc. Thesis. Department of Agronomy, School of Agriculture and Agribusiness, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa. 156 pp.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Olle, M., & Williams, I. H.
- Affiliations
- Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge (EE)
- Estonian University of Life Sciences (EE)
- Corresponding author
- Olle, M.
- ORCID
- Olle, M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 380-386
- ISSN
- 1462-0316 (ISSN-L)
- 2380-4084
- OpenAlex
- W2335016577
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques
- Keywords
- effective microorganisms, vegetable production, plant growth promotion, crop yield, vegetable quality, plant disease suppression, biological control, weed suppression, soil microbial ecology, nitrogen fixation, photosynthetic efficiency, sustainable agriculture
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