“Enacted” auditory images are ambiguous; “pure” auditory images are not.
Abstract
Previous research indicates that visual images are inherently unambiguous. The present study extends this argument to auditory imagery. In Experiment 1, subjects were able to reinterpret an imaged ambiguous auditory figure, but covert subvocalization apparently aided this reinterpretation. When subvocalization was blocked, reinterpretations were eliminated. Experiments 2 and 3 generalize this finding to different procedures and stimuli. Experiment 4 explores further the role of subvocalization, by showing that the likelihood of reinterpreting an imaged stimulus is directly proportional to the degree of enactment allowed. We argue that subvocalization or enactment provides an internal stimulus that is subject to reinterpretation. Without enactment, the "pure" auditory image is as unambiguous as a visual image. Thus, in both visual and auditory modalities, images come into being as representations and so are inherently meaningful.
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The Verbal Transformation Effect occurs in a covert mode.
“It has been shown to also occur in a covert mode”
From The ConDialInt Model: Condensation, Dialogality, and Intentionality Dimensions of Inner Speech Within a Hierarchical Predictive Control Framework (2019) · cites this paper as Reisberg et al., 1989
The inner voice has auditory qualities.
“The claim that the inner voice has auditory qualities is supported by introspective data on timbre, pitch, and intensity (e.g., Egger, 1881), by behavioral findings (e.g., Reisberg et al., 1989; Smith et al., 1995; Corley et al., 2011; Dell and Oppenheim, 2015) and by neuroimaging data (e.g., Bookheimer et al., 1995; Sato et al., 2004; Lœvenbruck et al., 2005; Basho et al., 2007).”
From The ConDialInt Model: Condensation, Dialogality, and Intentionality Dimensions of Inner Speech Within a Hierarchical Predictive Control Framework (2019) · cites this paper as Reisberg et al., 1989
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- Authors
- Reisberg, D., Smith, J. D., Baxter, D. A., & Sonenshine, M.
- Affiliations
- Reed College (US)
- The New School (US)
- Venue
- The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1989-08
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 619-641
- ISSN
- 0272-4987 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0740
- OpenAlex
- W1974238450
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Keywords
- auditory imagery, image ambiguity, reinterpretation, subvocalization, enactment, ambiguous figures, visual imagery
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Humans, Imagination, Semantics, Speech Perception, Verbal Behavior
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