Cited by 125Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesTreatment of Major DepressionMental Health Treatment and Access

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 103 of the 103 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Comparing the efficacy of benzodiazepines and serotonergic anti-depressants for adults with generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analytic review

Open access

Gomez, Angelina F., Barthel, Abigail L., Hofmann, Stefan G.·2018·Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

DOI 10.1080/14656566.2018.1472767PMC PMC6097846

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common form of anxiety disorder. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and benzodiazepines (BZs) are the most commonly prescribed medications for GAD, but little is known about the relative efficacy of these pharmacological treatments. Areas covered: This study provides a meta-analytic review of the efficacy of these medications in the treatment of adults with GAD. A comprehensive literature search yielded 54 articles reporting 56 unique studies with 12,655 participants treated with either pill placebo (6,191 participants), SSRIs (16 trials, 2,712 participants), SNRIs (17 trials, 2,603 participants), or BZs (23 trials, 1,149 participants). The overall combined effect size was modest to moderate (Hedges' g = 0.37, p < 0.0001). Effect sizes decreased significantly over time. SSRIs (Hedges' g = 0.33) and SNRIs (Hedges' g = 0.36) demonstrated significantly lower effect sizes than BZs (Hedges' g = 0.50). These findings were not due to differences in treatment length or publication year. Expert opinion: The results of this study suggest that the most common forms of pharmacotherapy for adult GAD are moderately effective, with BZs being the most effective drug.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/14656566.2018.1472767

Cites

103 of 103 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
Higgins, J. P. T., Altman, D. G., Gotzsche, P. C., Juni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D., Savovic, J., Schulz, K. F., Weeks, L., Sterne, J. A. C., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928 · Cited by 33,817
The “Golden Age” of Probiotics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Observational Studies in Preterm Infants
Dermyshi, E., Wang, Y., Yan, C., Hong, W., Qiu, G., Gong, X., & Zhang, T. (2017) · Neonatology · doi:10.1159/000454668 · Cited by 24,586
Trim and Fill: A Simple Funnel‐Plot–Based Method of Testing and Adjusting for Publication Bias in Meta‐Analysis
Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x · Cited by 14,099
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.
Rosenthal, R. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · Cited by 9,068 · cited 1×
“To address the file drawer problem, a classic fail-safe N analysis was conducted [33,34].”
Method
Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research
Rosenthal, R. (1991) · doi:10.4135/9781412984997 · Cited by 4,635
A Fail-Safe N for Effect Size in Meta-Analysis
Orwin, R. G. (1983) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164923 · Cited by 2,064 · cited 2×
“N test [33] indicated that 354 trials with an effect size of zerowould be needed to yield an overall trivial effect of treatment over”
Method
Placebo Response in Studies of Major Depression: Variable, Substantial, and Growing
Walsh, B. T., Seidman, S. N., Sysko, R., & Gould, M. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.14.1840 · Cited by 1,109
The Hamilton Anxiety Scale: reliability, validity and sensitivity to change in anxiety and depressive disorders
Maier, W., Buller, R., Philipp, M., & Heuser, I. (1988) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(88)90072-9 · Cited by 1,044 · cited 7×
“Using the Trim and Fill method [35], we determined that 17 studieswould need to fall to the left of themean (i.e. have an effect size smaller than the mean) and 0 studies would need to fall to the right of the mean (i.e. have an effect size larger than TX: treatment; HARS: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; BZ: benzodiaze…”
BackgroundInfluential
Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and related disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials
Carpenter, J. K., Andrews, L. A., Witcraft, S. M., Powers, M. B., Smits, J. A. J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22728 · Cited by 846 · cited 1×
“97) with low to moderate heterogeneity [44,45].”
Self-citation

Show all 102 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

Longo LP, 2000, Am Fam Physician, 61, 2121
Hidalgo RB, 2010, Psychiatry (Edgmont), 6, 13
Stewart SA, 2005, J Clin Psychiatry, 66, 9
Borenstein M, 1999, Comprehensive meta-analysis: A computer program for research
Fontaine R, 1984, Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 20, 126
Koponen H, 2007, J Clin Psychiatry, 9, 100
Lenox-Smith A, 2003, Br J Gen Pract, 53, 772
Wu WY, 2011, Chin Med J (Engl), 124, 3260

Sorted by citations

Anxiety disorders
Penninx, B. W., Pine, D. S., Holmes, E. A., & Reif, A. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00359-7 · Cited by 740
Anxiety Disorders: A Review
Szuhany, K. L., & Simon, N. M. (2022) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2022.22744 · Cited by 541
The efficacy of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies for mental disorders in adults: an umbrella review and meta‐analytic evaluation of recent meta‐analyses
Leichsenring, F., Steinert, C., Rabung, S., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2022) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20941 · Cited by 485
Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety Disorders: Current and Emerging Treatment Options
Garakani, A., Murrough, J. W., Freire, R. C., Thom, R. P., Larkin, K., Buono, F. D., & Iosifescu, D. V. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.595584 · Cited by 440
The prefrontal cortex, pathological anxiety, and anxiety disorders
Kenwood, M. M., Kalin, N. H., & Barbas, H. (2021) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01109-z · Cited by 379
ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline No. 5: Treatment and Management of Mental Health Conditions During Pregnancy and Postpartum
ACOG Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines–Obstetrics (2023) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000005202 · Cited by 252
Novel pharmacological targets in drug development for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders
Sartori, S. B., & Singewald, N. (2019) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107402 · Cited by 236
Altered GABA-mediated information processing and cognitive dysfunctions in depression and other brain disorders
Prévot, T. D., & Sibille, E. L. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0727-3 · Cited by 238
Pharmacotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder in adult and pediatric patients: an evidence-based treatment review
Strawn, J. R., Geracioti, L., Rajdev, N., Clemenza, K., & Levine, A. (2018) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1491966 · Cited by 214
Benzodiazepines Remain Important Therapeutic Options in Psychiatric Practice
Dubovsky, S. L., & Marshall, D. (2022) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000524400 · Cited by 171
World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders – Version 3. Part I: Anxiety disorders
Bandelow, B., Allgulander, C., Baldwin, D. S., Costa, D. L. D. C., Denys, D., Dilbaz, N., Domschke, K., Eriksson, E., Fineberg, N. A., Hättenschwiler, J., et al. (2023) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2022.2086295 · Cited by 158
Prepandemic psychotropic drug status in Portugal: a nationwide pharmacoepidemiological profile
Madeira, L., Queiroz, G., & Henriques, R. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-33765-0 · Cited by 135
Design, green synthesis, molecular docking and anticancer evaluations of diazepam bearing sulfonamide moieties as VEGFR-2 inhibitors
Saleh, N. M., El-Gaby, M. S. A., El‐Adl, K., & El‐Sattar, N. E. A. A. (2020) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104350 · Cited by 96
Efficacy of Yoga vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Stress Education for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Simon, N. M., Hofmann, S. G., Rosenfield, D., Hoeppner, S. S., Hoge, E. A., Bui, E., & Khalsa, S. B. S. (2021) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.2496 · Cited by 95
Effects of Microbiota Imbalance in Anxiety and Eating Disorders: Probiotics as Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Navarro‐Tapia, E., Almeida-Toledano, L., Sebastiani, G., Serra-Delgado, M., García‐Algar, Ó., & Andreu-Férnández, V. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22052351 · Cited by 96
Novel Benzodiazepine-Like Ligands with Various Anxiolytic, Antidepressant, or Pro-Cognitive Profiles
Prévot, T. D., Li, G., Vidojević, A., Misquitta, K. A., Fee, C., Santrač, A., Knutson, D. E., Stephen, M. R., Kodali, R., Zahn, N. M., et al. (2019) · Complex Psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000496086 · Cited by 86
Role of Benzodiazepines in Anxiety Disorders
Balon, R., & Starčević, V. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_20 · Cited by 72
GABAergic implications in anxiety and related disorders
Arora, I., Mal, P., Arora, P., Paul, A., & Kumar, M. (2024) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150218 · Cited by 74
Incidence of and Characteristics Associated With Long-term Benzodiazepine Use in Finland
Taipale, H. T., Särkilä, H., Tanskanen, A. J., Kurko, T., Taiminen, T. J., Tiihonen, J., Sund, R., Tuulio‐Henriksson, A., Saastamoinen, L., & Hietala, J. A. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19029 · Cited by 63
Trends in Antidepressant Use and Expenditure in Six Major Cities in China From 2013 to 2018
Yu, Z., Zhang, J., Zheng, Y., & Yu, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00551 · Cited by 60
Fatigue as the Chief Complaint
Maisel, P., Baum, E., & Donner‐Banzhoff, N. (2021) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0192 · Cited by 73
Toward a paradigm shift in treatment and research of mental disorders
Leichsenring, F., Steinert, C., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719002265 · Cited by 55
Genome-wide meta-analysis, functional genomics and integrative analyses implicate new risk genes and therapeutic targets for anxiety disorders
Li, W., Chen, R., Feng, L., Dang, X., Liu, J., Chen, T., Yang, J., Su, X., Lv, L., Li, T., et al. (2023) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01746-y · Cited by 48
Behavioral Deficits Induced by Somatostatin-Positive GABA Neuron Silencing Are Rescued by Alpha 5 GABA-A Receptor Potentiation
Fee, C., Prévot, T. D., Misquitta, K. A., Knutson, D. E., Li, G., Mondal, P., Cook, J. M., Banasr, M., & Sibille, E. L. (2021) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyab002 · Cited by 50
Drug repositioning for psychiatric and neurological disorders through a network medicine approach
Dias, T. L., Schuch, V., Beltrão-Braga, P. C. B., Martins‐de‐Souza, D., Brentani, H., Franco, G. R., & Nakaya, H. I. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0827-5 · Cited by 44
Chronic activation of the relaxin‐3 receptor on GABA neurons in rat ventral hippocampus promotes anxiety and social avoidance
Rytova, V., Ganella, D. E., Hawkes, D. J., Bathgate, R. A. D., Ma, S., & Gundlach, A. L. (2019) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23089 · Cited by 40
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of first-line drugs for the acute treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in adults: A network meta-analysis
He, H., Xiang, Y., Gao, F., Bai, L., Gao, F., Fan, Y., Lyu, J., & Ma, X. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.08.009 · Cited by 44
An animal model of trait anxiety: Carioca high freezing rats as a model of generalized anxiety disorder
Cruz, A. P. D. M., Gomes, V. D. C., & Landeira-Fernández, J. (2024) · Personality Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/pen.2023.6 · Cited by 35
The lifetime prevalence and impact of generalized anxiety disorders in an epidemiologic Italian National Survey carried out by clinicians by means of semi-structured interviews
Preti, A., Demontis, R., Cossu, G., Kalcev, G., Cabras, F., Moro, M. F., Romano, F., Balestrieri, M., Caraci, F., Dell’Osso, L., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03042-3 · Cited by 31
Therapeutic Approaches for NOP Receptor Antagonists in Neurobehavioral Disorders: Clinical Studies in Major Depressive Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder with BTRX-246040 (LY2940094)
Witkin, J. M., Wallace, T. L., & Martin, W. J. (2018) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2018_186 · Cited by 29
Clinical management of withdrawal from benzodiazepine anxiolytic and hypnotic medications
Baldwin, D. S. (2022) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15695 · Cited by 28
Update on pharmacotherapy in psychodermatological disorders
Munoli, R. N., Shenoi, S. D., Soman, S., & Prabhu, S. S. (2020) · Indian Dermatology Online Journal · doi:10.4103/idoj.idoj_330_19 · Cited by 25
Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety Disorders: Current and Emerging Treatment Options
Garakani, A., Murrough, J. W., Freire, R. C. R., Thom, R. P., Larkin, K., Buono, F. D., & Iosifescu, D. V. (2021) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.19203 · Cited by 29
Association of co-prescribing of opioid and benzodiazepine substitutes with incident falls and fractures among older adults: a cohort study
Shah, R., Raji, M. A., Westra, J. R., & Kuo, Y. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052057 · Cited by 26
Efficacy of Silexan in patients with anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials
Dold, M., Bartova, L., Volz, H., Seifritz, E., Möller, H., Schläfke, S., & Kasper, S. F. (2023) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-022-01547-w · Cited by 24
Efficacy of Agomelatine 25–50 mg for the Treatment of Anxious Symptoms and Functional Impairment in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Three Placebo-Controlled Studies
Stein, D. J., Khoo, J., Picarel-Blanchot, F., Olivier, V., & Ameringen, M. V. (2021) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-020-01583-9 · Cited by 26
The involvement of GABAergic system in the antidepressant-like effect of agmatine
Neis, V. B., Rosado, A. F., Olescowicz, G., Moretti, M., da Rosa, P. B., Platt, N., & Rodrigues, A. L. S. (2020) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-020-01910-5 · Cited by 19
Pharmacotherapy for Anxiety Disorders.
O’Leary, K. B., & Khan, J. S. (2024) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2024.04.012 · Cited by 22
Antidepressants versus placebo for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
Kopcalic, K., Arcaro, J., Pinto, A., Ali, S., Barbui, C., Curatoli, C., Martin, J., & Guaiana, G. (2025) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012942.pub2 · Cited by 16
The anxiolytic-like activity of water-soluble Moringa oleifera Lam. lectin is mediated via serotoninergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic neurotransmission
Patriota, L. L. D. S., de Lima, B. R. F., Marinho, A. D. O., da Costa, J. A., Coelho, L. C. B. B., Paiva, P. M. G., da Rosa, M. M., & Napoleão, T. H. (2023) · Brain Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.dscb.2023.100066 · Cited by 12
Benzodiazepine Prescribing in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Considerations
Currow, D. C., & Agar, M. R. (2020) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.1007/s40266-020-00756-z · Cited by 13
Revisiting benzodiazepines (GABA Enhancers):A transdiagnostic and precision medicine approach
Pallanti, S., Zohar, J., Kasper, S. F., Möller, H., & Hollander, E. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.042 · Cited by 14
Trajectory and magnitude of response in adults with anxiety disorders: a Bayesian hierarchical modeling meta-analysis of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and benzodiazepines
Mendez, E. M., Mills, J. A., Suresh, V., Stimpfl, J. N., & Strawn, J. R. (2024) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852924000142 · Cited by 11
In-silico testing of new pharmacology for restoring inhibition and human cortical function in depression
Guet-McCreight, A., Chameh, H. M., Mazza, F., Prévot, T. D., Valiante, T. A., Sibille, E. L., & Hay, E. (2024) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-024-05907-1 · Cited by 16
The effect of second-generation antipsychotics on anxiety/depression in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abdolizadeh, A., Kupaei, M. H., Kambari, Y., Amaev, A., Korann, V., Torres‐Carmona, E., Song, J., Ueno, F., KOIZUMI, M., Nakajima, S., et al. (2024) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.05.020 · Cited by 10
L-Cysteine: A promising nutritional supplement for alleviating anxiety disorders
Liu, R., Song, D., Zhang, Y., Gong, H., Jin, Y., Wang, X., Jiang, Y., Yan, Y.-X., Lu, B.-N., Wu, Y., et al. (2024) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.038 · Cited by 11
“It could potentially be dangerous... but nothing else has seemed to help me.”: Patient and clinician perspectives on benzodiazepine use in opioid agonist treatment
Park, T. W., Sikov, J., dellaBitta, V., Saitz, R., Walley, A. Y., & Drainoni, M. (2021) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108455 · Cited by 10
Systematics and treatment of anxiety disorders
Sivolap, Y. P. (2020) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro2020120071121 · Cited by 10
Representation of Benzodiazepines in Treatment Guidelines: The Paradox of Undesirable Objectivity
Starčević, V. (2022) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000524772 · Cited by 12
An Efficient Synthetic Approach Towards Benzo[b]pyrano[2,3-e][1,4]diazepines, and Their Cytotoxic Activity
Azab, I. H. E., & Elkanzi, N. A. A. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25092051 · Cited by 9
Usages et bon usage des benzodiazépines anxiolytiques et hypnotiques
Bonnay, M., Soeiro, T., Mégard, R., Micallef, J., Rolland, B., & Chappuy, M. (2021) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2021.08.009 · Cited by 10
Passiflora incarnata L., herba, in benzodiazepine tapering: long-term safety and efficacy in a real-world setting
Carminati, M., Tondello, M., & Zanardi, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1471083 · Cited by 12
Add-On Treatment with Passiflora incarnata L., herba, during Benzodiazepine Tapering in Patients with Depression and Anxiety: A Real-World Study
Zanardi, R., Carminati, M., Fazio, V., Maccario, M., Verri, G., & Colombo, C. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16030426 · Cited by 13
The Role of Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Serotonergic Systems in Emotional Learning and Memory in Male BALB/c Mice
Payet, J. M., Stevens, L., Russo, A. M., Jaehne, E. J., van den Buuse, M., Kent, S., Lowry, C. A., Baratta, M. V., & Hale, M. W. (2023) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.003 · Cited by 9
Multi-target Mechanisms of Si-Ni-San on Anxious Insomnia: An Example of Network-pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis
Lin, C., Lin, H.-Y., Peng, W., & Wu, L. Y. (2024) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0109298673299665240924090617 · Cited by 10
Nonsedating anxiolytics
Cerne, R., Smith, J. L., Chrzanowska, A., & LIPPA, A. S. (2024) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173895 · Cited by 8
Personalizing Virtual Reality for the Research and Treatment of Fear-Related Disorders: A Mini Review
Bergsnev, K., & Laws, A. L. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2022.834004 · Cited by 7
Outcomes of patients treated with low-dose flumazenil for benzodiazepine detoxification: A description of 26 participants
MacDonald, T., Gallo, A. T., Basso-Hulse, G., & Hulse, G. K. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109517 · Cited by 7
Flavonoids as Anxiolytics in Animal Tests: Systematic Review, Meta‐Analysis, and Bibliometrical Analysis
Machado, J. A., Araújo, D. B., Lima, M. G., de Siqueira‐Silva, D. H., Tomchinsky, B., Cueto‐Escobedo, J., Rodríguez‐Landa, J. F., & Maximino, C. (2025) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.70060 · Cited by 7
Advances in Antidepressant Therapy: Comparing the Efficacy of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs), and Novel Agents
Nawaz, A., Mamoon, B., Batool, T. E., Khattak, M. I., Amir, F. I. T., Akbar, A., & Khan, S. U. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.76318 · Cited by 6
Mental Health Disorders in Pregnancy and the Puerperium: A Comprehensive Review of Guidelines on Screening, Diagnosis, and Management
Giouleka, S., Tsiona, E., Kapetanios, G., Zerva, C., Papazisis, G., Mamopoulos, A. M., Dagklis, T., & Tsakiridis, I. G. (2025) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/ogx.0000000000001384 · Cited by 6
Cannabidiol in anxiety disorders: Current and future perspectives
Simei, J. L. Q., Souza, J. D. R., Lisboa, J. R., Guimarães, F. S., & Crippa, J. A. S. (2024) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2024.05.003 · Cited by 7
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Benzodiazepines in the Treatment of Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Fernandes, H., Novais, C., Sousa‐Pinto, B., Soares-da-Silva, P., & Azevedo, L. F. (2025) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000546269 · Cited by 5
Benefits and Liabilities of Benzodiazepines and Z-Drugs: What We Know and What We Don’t Know
Silberman, E. K. (2025) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-025-02261-2 · Cited by 6
Connection Between Depression, Sexual Frequency, and All-cause Mortality: Findings from a Nationally Representative Study
Banerjee, S. K., Anderson, P. B., & Davis, W. S. (2024) · Journal of Psychosexual Health · doi:10.1177/26318318241256455 · Cited by 5
Psychotropic Medications Promote Time-Dependent Reduction of Suicidal Ideation in Mood Disorder: A Prospective Cohort Study
Yang, J. H., Park, C. H. K., Rhee, S. J., Kang, D. H., Kim, M. J., Lee, H. J., Lee, S.-Y., Shim, S.-H., Moon, J., Cho, S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e226 · Cited by 6
Risk of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality, and suicide attempt in people with anxiety and stress‐related disorders: a systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression analysis of 165 studies
Wagner, E. M., Mortazavi, M., Poddighe, L., Baldwin, D. S., Masdrakis, V., Castle, D. J., Serretti, A., Oliva, V., Fanelli, G., Fornaro, M., et al. (2026) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.70072 · Cited by 4
Contrasting Effects of Music Therapy and Aromatherapy on Perioperative Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Xiang, S., Ma, Q., Dong, J., Ren, Y., Lin, J.-Z., Zheng, C., Xiao, P., & You, F.-M. (2024) · Complementary Medicine Research · doi:10.1159/000538425 · Cited by 8
Ambulatory Pharmacotherapy of Five Psychiatric Disorders in Bahrain: a Descriptive Study
Tayem, Y. I., Jahrami, H., Ali, M. K., & Hattab, S. (2020) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-019-09705-5 · Cited by 4
Speech disorders and anxiety: interaction mechanisms and therapy potential
Васенина, Е. Е., & Levin, O. S. (2020) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro2020120041136 · Cited by 4
Efficacy of acupuncture versus sham acupuncture on generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Jiang, H., Ma, R., Huang, Y., Li, X.-J., & Hao, Y.-F. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1682400 · Cited by 2
Assessment of beliefs and attitudes towards benzodiazepines using machine learning based on social media posts: an observational study
de Anta, L., Álvarez-Mon, M. Á., Pereira-Sánchez, V., Donat‐Vargas, C., Lara-Abelenda, F. J., Arrieta, M., Montero-Torres, M., Montero, C. G., Fraile‐Μartinez, O., Mora, F., et al. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06111-5 · Cited by 3
Benzodiazepine-Receptor Agonist Utilization in Outpatients with Anxiety Disorder: A Retrospective Study Based on Electronic Healthcare Data from a Large General Tertiary Hospital
Liu, D., Zhang, Q., Zhao, Z., Chen, M., Hou, Y., Wang, G., Shen, H., Zhu, H., Ji, Y., Ruan, L., et al. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11040554 · Cited by 4
The effect of yin yoga intervention on state and trait anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic
Somere, K., Munkevics, M., Krams, R., Rača, G., Luoto, S., & Krams, I. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1345455 · Cited by 3
The Impact of Development on Antidepressant and Placebo Response in Anxiety Disorders: A Bayesian Hierarchical Meta-Analytic Examination of Randomized Controlled Trials in Children, Adolescents, and Adults
Mills, J. A., Mendez, E. M., & Strawn, J. R. (2024) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2024.0016 · Cited by 6
Clarifying relations of emotion regulation, emotional avoidance and anxiety symptoms in a community‐based treatment‐seeking sample.
Bock, R. C., Baker, L. D., Kalantar, E. A., Berghoff, C. R., Stroman, J. C., Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2024) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12523 · Cited by 2
Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology Up-to-Date and Practical Issues
Kang, U. G., Kim, S. H., Lee, N. Y., Lee, K. Y., Kim, Y. S., & Chung, I. W. (2023) · 신경정신의학 · doi:10.4306/jknpa.2023.62.1.1 · Cited by 2
Prevalencia del consumo de tranquilizantes sin prescripción médica y factores asociados en adolescentes escolarizados de Colombia
Nova-Delgado, L. M., Fonseca-Zapata, D. C., Camargo-Niño, D. P., Martínez-Torres, J., & Sánchez-Neira, Y. (2023) · Revista Investigación en Salud Universidad de Boyacá · doi:10.24267/23897325.673 · Cited by 2
Antianxiety effects of dexmedetomidine: systematic review and meta-analysis
Gao, T., Liu, X., Liu, S., Liu, F., Zhou, Y., Wang, S., Zeng, N., Bao, Y., Wang, Y., & Lu, L. (2025) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-025-02017-9 · Cited by 2
Randomized Controlled Trials and the Efficacy of Psychotropic Medications
Dunlop, B. W., & Ribeiro, C. M. D. F. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_4 · Cited by 2
Prevalence and risk factors of anxiety symptoms in first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients with metabolic syndrome
Liu, J., Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Wei, W., Lang, X., & Zhang, X. (2023) · The European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2023.07.001 · Cited by 2
Neuroproteomics: Unveiling the Molecular Insights of Psychiatric Disorders with a Focus on Anxiety Disorder and Depression
Rodrigues‐Ribeiro, L., Resende, B. L., Dias, M. L. P., Lopes, M. R., de Barros, L. L. M., Moraes, M. A., Verano‐Braga, T., & Souza, B. R. (2024) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_6 · Cited by 3
Case Study : Prognosis of Recurrent Depressive Disorder with Somatic Symptoms
Laila, F. N., Algristian, H., & Azizah, N. (2023) · International Islamic Medical Journal · doi:10.33086/iimj.v5i1.4454 · Cited by 2
Bridging the gap: The endocannabinoid system as a functional fulcrum for benzodiazepines in a novel frontier of anxiety pharmacotherapy
Pakkhesal, S., Shakouri, M., Mosaddeghi-Heris, R., Kiani-Nasab, S., Salehi, N., Sharafi, A., & Ahmadalipour, A. (2025) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2025.108799 · Cited by 3
Flavonoids as anxiolytics in animal tests: Bibliometry and meta-analysis of the effects of flavonoids on anxiety-like behavior in animal testsPreprint
Machado, J. A., Araújo, D. B., Lima, M. G., de Siqueira‐Silva, D. H., Tomchinsky, B., Cueto‐Escobedo, J., Rodríguez‐Landa, J. F., & Maximino, C. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.05.27.596117 · Cited by 2
Late-Life Anxiety
Pachana, N. A., & Byrne, G. J. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139087469.014 · Cited by 1
Стрес та тривога: від нейрохімії до клініки. Що це дає лікарю-практику?
Чабан, О. (2023) · Український медичний часопис · doi:10.32471/umj.1680-3051.153.241916 · Cited by 1
Long-term treatment of generalised anxiety disorder with Aviandr: results of a 36-week post-registration observational study
Kinkulkina, M. A., Volel, B. A., Smolyarchuk, E. A., Morozov, E. N., Ivachtchenko, A. V., Ivashchenko, A. A., Ivanets, N. N., Zilov, V. G., Avdeeva, T. I., Tikhonova, Y. G., et al. (2025) · Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics · doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2025-6-44-53 · Cited by 4
Time Trends in Prescribing of Anxiolytic, Sedative, and Hypnotic Drugs in the United States
Yang, Z., Shader, R. I., & Greenblatt, D. J. (2026) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2025.12.014 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of Medicinal therapy in the Presence of Psychological factors in Individuals from 45 to 60 Years
Santos, A. K. F., Teixeira, M. C. P., Santos, V. N., Dorado, A. S., Sousa, B. R., Bittencourt, F. O., & Duarte, S. F. P. (2019) · International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science · doi:10.22161/ijaers.6.5.79 · Cited by 1
Randomized Controlled Trials and the Efficacy of Psychotropic Medications
Dunlop, B. W., & Ribeiro, C. M. D. F. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_4-1 · Cited by 2
Pilot psychotherapy program for the deprescription of benzodiazepines for anxiety disorders
Fontanet, A. A., Kostov, B., Àreu, J. B., Pinyol, M., Momblona, J. M. S., Hernández, A. B., & Sisó‐Almirall, A. (2021) · Ansiedad y Estrés · doi:10.5093/anyes2022a8 · Cited by 1
Psychiatric genomics: brain pathophysiology and genetic factors
Qian, J., Al-Chalabi, N., Wang, Y., Igblom, A., Fatemi, A. B., & Luca, V. D. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819602-1.00016-4 · Cited by 1
Retrospective analysis of the use of benzodiazepines in anxiety disorders
Hryhoriev, M. (2023) · Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal · doi:10.32345/usmyj.1(136).2023.125-130 · Cited by 1
Non-medical prescription drug use in Serbia: Results from the national survey on lifestyles: Substance abuse and gambling
Terzić-Šupić, Z., Todorović, J., Kilibarda, B., & Mravčík, V. (2023) · Srpski medicinski casopis Lekarske komore · doi:10.5937/smclk4-44519 · Cited by 1
Healthy Lifestyle Interventions Augmenting Psychotherapy in Anxiety and PTSD.
Correll, T. L., Gentile, J. P., & Correll, A. B. (2023) · PubMed Central · Cited by 1
Anxiety and Epilepsy: Current Understanding and Future Perspectives
Reddy, N. V. L. S., Raju, M. G., Sudha, D. P., Shrivani, P., & Anusha, P. (2024) · International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) · doi:10.38124/ijisrt/ijisrt24apr503 · Cited by 1
Anxiety Disorders
Baldwin, D. S., Impey, B., & Masdrakis, V. G. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781911623861.014 · Cited by 2
Causal relationships between gut microbiota and depression/anxiety disorders: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study
Fan, T., Li, L., & Chen, Y. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000039543 · Cited by 1
Effects of Tai Chi and Qigong intervention on anxiety and stress in diabetic and hypertensive Brazilian patients: a randomized controlled trial
Santos, L. R. A. C., Taíra, A., Possobon, R. D. F., Meneghim, M. D. C., Su, C., Lavín, P., Rej, S., Ambrosano, G. M. B., & Cortellazzi, K. L. (2025) · Einstein (São Paulo) · doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2025a01076 · Cited by 2

Authors: Gomez, A. F., Barthel, A. L., & Hofmann, S. G.
Affiliations: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Boston University (US)
Corresponding author: Hofmann, Stefan G.
ORCID: Hofmann, Stefan G.
Venue: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2018-05-24
Volume: 19
Issue: 8
Pages: 883-894
ISSN: 1465-6566 (ISSN-L)
1744-7666
DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1472767
PMC: PMC6097846
OpenAlex: W2804266260
Cited by: 125
References: 102
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 2
FWCI: 1.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R34MH099311)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: generalized anxiety disorder, benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, pharmacotherapy efficacy, antidepressant comparison, placebo response, adults
MeSH terms: Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors, Anxiety Disorders, Benzodiazepines, Humans, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Databases, Factual, Treatment Outcome, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Comparing the efficacy of benzodiazepines and serotonergic anti-depressants for adults with generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analytic review

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks