Sources and sinks of clay minerals on Mars
Abstract
The recent identification of clay minerals on the Martian surface using visible–near infrared reflectance spectroscopy has had a profound effect on our view of aqueous alteration on Mars. Smectite, chlorite, kaolin group, and serpentine group minerals have been detected using the CRISM and OMEGA spectrometers, with Fe/Mg-smectite and chlorite varieties being the dominant types discovered throughout the ancient crust. Aqueous, eolian, and impact processes have transported and recycled some of these clays such that their current locations may not accurately reflect their formation environments. However, detrital clays could prove useful for constraining transport pathways and sediment provenance. Here we discuss the impact craters and channels that comprise the Uzboi–Ladon–Morava system, including Holden, Eberswalde, and Ladon craters, which represents a large-scale sediment sink for clay minerals derived from the surrounding Noachian crust. This system contains thick deposits of clay mineral-bearing strata that likely record a wide range of alluvial, fluvial, lacustrine, and eolian processes that provide direct insight into the Martian clay cycle. Broad concepts of sediment sources, sinks, and sediment transport paths can be outlined using orbital data, but future in situ exploration of the Martian sedimentary rock record will be necessary to distinguish fully between detrital and authigenic clay minerals, and thus to determine environmental conditions and transitions on ancient Mars.
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The lowermost sedimentary layer in Holden crater has the strongest clay signatures, consistent with ~25-45% phyllosilicates by volume.
“The lowermost sedimentary layer-labeled the lower unit, lower member in the stratigraphy of Grant et al. [2008]-has the strongest clay signatures [Milliken and Bish, 2010], consistent with ~25-45% phyllosilicates by volume [Poulet et al., 2014].”
From Orbital evidence for more widespread carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars (2016) · cites this paper as Milliken and Bish, 2010
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- Authors
- Milliken, R. E., & Bish, D. L.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Milliken, Ralph E.
- Venue
- Philosophical Magazine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-04-09
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 17-18
- Pages
- 2293-2308
- ISSN
- 1478-6433 (ISSN-L)
- 1478-6435
- 1478-6443
- OpenAlex
- W1992732141
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 9.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Philosophical Magazine A Journal of Theoretical Experimental and Applied Physics (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Keywords
- clay minerals, Mars, aqueous alteration, sediment sources and sinks, sediment transport, detrital clay, authigenic clay minerals, impact craters, channels, sediment provenance, aeolian processes, lake sediments, fluvial deposits
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