Mineralogy of the Martian Surface

Ehlmann, Bethany L.; Edwards, Christopher S.

doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-055024

Cited by 761Planetary Science and ExplorationAstro and Planetary ScienceGeochemistry and Elemental Analysis

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Mineralogy of the Martian Surface

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Ehlmann, Bethany L., Edwards, Christopher S.·2014·Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

DOI 10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-055024

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Abstract

The past fifteen years of orbital infrared spectroscopy and in situ exploration have led to a new understanding of the composition and history of Mars. Globally, Mars has a basaltic upper crust with regionally variable quantities of plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine associated with distinctive terrains. Enrichments in olivine (>20%) are found around the largest basins and within late Noachian–early Hesperian lavas. Alkali volcanics are also locally present, pointing to regional differences in igneous processes. Many materials from ancient Mars bear the mineralogic fingerprints of interaction with water. Clay minerals, found in exposures of Noachian crust across the globe, preserve widespread evidence for early weathering, hydrothermal, and diagenetic aqueous environments. Noachian and Hesperian sediments include paleolake deposits with clays, carbonates, sulfates, and chlorides that are more localized in extent. The late Hesperian to Amazonian mineralogic record of water is sparser, though sulfates and silica in some locations indicate local availability of ground and surface waters even in the most recent geologic epoch.

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Authors: Ehlmann, B. L., & Edwards, C. S.
Affiliations: California Institute of Technology (US)
ORCID: Ehlmann, Bethany L.
Edwards, Christopher S.
Venue: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2014-05-30
Volume: 42
Issue: 1
Pages: 291-315
ISSN: 0084-6597 (ISSN-L)
1545-4495
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-055024
OpenAlex: W2102920959
Cited by: 761
References: 13
Citations by year: 2026: 78 · 2025: 102 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 1.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences (publishedVersion)
CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Keywords: Mars mineralogy, Mars surface composition, basaltic crust, plagioclase, pyroxene, clay minerals, aqueous alteration, paleolakes, carbonates, sulfate, chloride, Noachian, Hesperian, Amazonian

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Mineralogy of the Martian Surface

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