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After Depletion: The Replenishment of the Self's Regulatory Resources
Abstract
Two experiments investigated how people replenish the self's limited regulatory resource after it is depleted by self-control exertion. Specifically, in Experiment 1, when depleted participants received a 10-minute period between regulatory tasks, their subsequent performance equaled non-depleted participants. In Experiment 2, inducing participants to relax between self-regulation tasks reduced the typical depletion effects. Thus, these findings suggest that replenishment of the self's depleted resources occurs given the occurrence of favorable conditions.
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“Mental rest-from-deliberate-learning offers the opportunity to restore depleted working memory resources caused by mental effort during learning.”
From Spacing and Interleaving Effects Require Distinct Theoretical Bases: a Systematic Review Testing the Cognitive Load and Discriminative-Contrast Hypotheses (2021) · cites this paper as Tyler & Burns, 2008
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BackgroundEffects of Prior Cognitive Exertion on Physical Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Brown, D. M. Y., Graham, J. D., Innes, K. L., Harris, S., Flemington, A., & Bray, S. R. (2019) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01204-8 · Cited by 218
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“…addition, prior research has shown that only depleted individuals can benefit from recovery activities, but it has failed to explore the continuous relationship between levels of depletion and the benefits of recovery activities (e.g., Gailliot et al., 2007; Tice et al., 2007; Tyler & Burns, 2008).”
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“Relaxation techniques (e.g., mediation, autogenic training; e.g., Greenspan and Feltz, 1989) after having performed a self-control task (Tyler and Burns, 2008) or mindfulness mediation (Friese et al., 2012) have proven to be valuable approaches in that regard.”
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“, Converse and Deshon, 2009) or even balancing on one leg (Tyler and Burns, 2008) count as self-control tasks.”
BackgroundMental fatigue impairs emotion regulation.
Grillon, C., Quispe-Escudero, D., Mathur, A., & Ernst, M. (2015) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000058 · Cited by 131
“Periods of rest (Tyler and Burns, 2008) and taking fuel (e.g., glucose) (Gailliot et al., 2009) are associated with less disruptive effects of depletion on subsequent cognitive performance.”
BackgroundNatural resistance: Exposure to nature and self-regulation, mood, and physiology after ego-depletion
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“…Dickinson, & Petrie, 2017). argued that a food break may help people to replenish their mental resources because of the resting period per se (Tyler & Burns, 2008) and also because eating helps to restore the amount of body glucose, which is an important energy source for the brain (Gailliot…”
BackgroundEgo Depletion Is Not Just Fatigue
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“…2003), reminders of one’s core values (Schmeichel & Vohs, 2009), the use of if–then contingencies (Webb & Sheeran, 2002), and—most germane—rest (Tyler & Burns, 2008), could aid self-regulation performance when people are fatigued (for motivational factors that overcome sleep deprivation,…”
Hong, W., Liu, R., Ding, Y., Sheng, X., & Zhen, R. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106383 · Cited by 126
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“Additionally, relaxing after a demanding self-control task can lead to a quicker replenishment of self-control strength (Tyler & Burns, 2008).”
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“Thirty seconds was chosen because it is insufficient time to recover from depletion (Tyler & Burns, 2008) and is unlikely enough time to cool-off from an aggressive desire based solely on the passage of time (Blanchard & Blanchard, 1984) but should be enough time to think about the immediate…”
MethodUnderstanding Self-Regulation Failure
Molden, D. C., Hui, C. M., & Scholer, A. A. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801850-7.00020-2 · Cited by 34
“Actions or environments that increase experiences of relaxation, tranquility, engagement, or just broad positive affect; such as taking a short rest (Tyler & Burns, 2008) or any of the other activities like meditation, or prayer reviewed earlier; should help sustain self-regulation by counteracting…”
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Development of a Within-Subject, Repeated-Measures Ego-Depletion Paradigm
Francis, Z. L., Milyavskaya, M., Lin, H., & Inzlicht, M. (2018) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000348 · Cited by 35
“Positive mood inductions, such as watching a humorous video, receiving a gift, smoking a cigarette, or listening to classical music also cancel depletion effects (Heckman, Ditre, & Brandon, 2012; Shmueli & Prochaska, 2012; Tice, Baumeister, Shmueli, & Muraven, 2007; Tyler & Burns, 2008).”
BackgroundMethodVocal Control: Is It Susceptible to the Negative Effects of Self-Regulatory Depletion?
Vinney, L. A., van Mersbergen, M., Connor, N. P., & Turkstra, L. S. (2016) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.07.016 · Cited by 31
Mental Fatigue in Sport—From Impaired Performance to Increased Injury Risk
Schampheleer, E., & Roelands, B. (2024) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2023-0527 · Cited by 30
Depleted egos and affirmed selves: The two faces of customization
Kang, H., & Sundar, S. S. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.018 · Cited by 32
Bayesian analysis of multimethod ego‐depletion studies favours the null hypothesis
Etherton, J. L., Osborne, R. E., Stephenson, K., Grace, M., Jones, C., & Nadai, A. S. D. (2018) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12236 · Cited by 30
“Dependent measures on which impaired performance has been observed include success at solving math problems (e.g., Johns, Inzlicht, & Schmader, 2008; Tyler & Burns, 2008), performance on amodified Stroop task (e.g., Fennis, Janssen, & Vohs, 2009; Inzlicht, McKay, & Aronson, 2006), and persistence…”
BackgroundCountering the Consequences of Ego Depletion: The Effects of Self-Talk on Selective Attention
Gregersen, J., Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Galanis, E., Comoutos, N., & Papaioannou, A. G. (2017) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.2016-0265 · Cited by 29
“Regarding rest and recovery, studies have shown that participants who completed a period of rest after an initial self-control task exerted greater performance on a subsequent task compared with individuals who did not rest (Oaten, Williams, Jones, & Zadro, 2008; Tyler & Burns, 2008).”
BackgroundGiacomantonio, M., Jordan, J., Fennis, B. M., & Panno, A. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.009 · Cited by 29
“Finally, the tendency for passivity and behavioral inertia likely stems from the need to recuperate, as studies show that replenishing lost self-regulatory resources is indeed served by rest and/or sleep (Friese, Hoffman, & Wiers, 2011; Tyler & Burns, 2008).”
BackgroundNewman, B. J., Johnson, J. M., & Lown, P. L. (2013) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x13498265 · Cited by 27
Self-leadership and self-control strength in the work context
Müller, T., & Niessen, C. (2018) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/jmp-04-2017-0149 · Cited by 27
Exposure to nature counteracts aggression after depletion
Wang, Y., She, Y., Colarelli, S. M., Fang, Y., Meng, H., Chen, Q., Zhang, X., & Zhu, H. (2017) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21727 · Cited by 26
“Prior studies showed that inducing positive mood is effective in counteracting the ego depletion effect (Tyler & Burns, 2008), and exposure to nature benefitsmood (Berman et al., 2008; Beute &deKort, 2014).”
BackgroundExamining workplace bullying-outcomes relationships among Indian managers
Rai, A., & Agarwal, U. A. (2018) · Employee Relations · doi:10.1108/er-02-2017-0031 · Cited by 26
Muscle or Motivation? A Stop-Signal Study on the Effects of Sequential Cognitive Control
Huizenga, H. M., van der Molen, M. W., Bexkens, A., Bos, M. G. N., & van den Wildenberg, W. P. M. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00126 · Cited by 25
“According to muscle models, resources would be replenished at the beginning of the second session, since people had the opportunity to rest (Tyler and Burns, 2008) and to eat (Gailliot et al., 2007).”
Egan, P. M., Clarkson, J. J., & Hirt, E. R. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2014.11.006 · Cited by 26
Healthy eating behaviors and self-control in scarcity: The protective effects of self-compassion
Fan, L., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105860 · Cited by 25
Depletion Effect of Work-Leisure Conflict: A Daily Diary Study
Shi, W., Wang, F., & Li, X. (2021) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-021-02710-x · Cited by 23
Cognitive Load Theory, Spacing Effect, and Working Memory Resources Depletion
Chen, O., & Kalyuga, S. (2019) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-9833-6.ch001 · Cited by 26
A Schema-Activation Approach to Failure and Success in Self-Control
Bertrams, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02256 · Cited by 26
Balci, S., Engiz, O., Yilmaz, Z., & Baltacı, V. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 23
Cognitive influences on perceived phonatory exertion using the Borg CR10
van Mersbergen, M., Vinney, L. A., & Payne, A. E. (2019) · Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology · doi:10.1080/14015439.2019.1617895 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Tyler, J. M., & Burns, K. C.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Green Bay (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tyler, James M.
- ORCID
- Burns, Kathleen C.
- Venue
- Self and Identity
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-06-12
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 305-321
- ISSN
- 1529-8868 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-8876
- OpenAlex
- W2024351077
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 7.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Self and Identity (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- self-control, self-regulation, replenishment, relaxation
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