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Building an inner sanctuary: complex PTSD in chimpanzees.
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Through the analysis of case studies of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in residence at a sanctuary, who previously sustained prolonged captivity and biomedical experimentation, we illustrate how human psychological models of diagnosis and treatment might be approached in great apes. This study reflects growing attention to ethical, scientific, and practical problems associated with psychological well-being of animals. The analysis concludes that a diagnosis of Complex PTSD in chimpanzees is consistent with descriptions of trauma-induced symptoms as described by the DSM-IV and human trauma research. We discuss how these findings relate to diagnosis and treatment of chimpanzees in captivity and the issue of their continued laboratory use. This clinical study contributes toward theory and therapeutic practices of an emergent trans-species psychology inclusive of both humans and other species. Such an ability to extend what we know about models of human trauma opens deeper understanding and insights into ourselves as well as individuals from other species.
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“Complex PTSD, depression, and other psychiatric conditions have been diagnosed in other species, including chimpanzees [14], [22], [23], [41]–[46], although it is unclear how appropriate the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Ed.) criteria [47] or other traditional methods of assessing psychopathology are for use in species other than humans.”
From Signs of mood and anxiety disorders in chimpanzees (2011) · cites this paper as [14]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bradshaw, G. A., Capaldo, T., Lindner, L., & Grow, G.
- Affiliations
- Oregon State University (US)
- New England Anti-Vivisection Society (US)
- Fauna Foundation
- Venue
- Journal of Trauma & Dissociation
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-04-18
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-34
- ISSN
- 1529-9732 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-9740
- OpenAlex
- W2030395493
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 7.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Trauma & Dissociation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Keywords
- complex PTSD, chimpanzees, animal sanctuaries, animal trauma, captivity, animal welfare, animal experimentation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Mental Disorders, Pan troglodytes, Disease Models, Animal, Dissociative Disorders, Female, Humans, Models, Psychological, Object Attachment, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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