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Trauma of Pregnancy Loss and Infertility Among Mothers and Involuntarily Childless Women in the United States
Open accessAbstract
Recent studies have repeatedly associated posttraumatic symptoms with women's experience of pregnancy loss. Using a nationally representative sample of American women (N = 2,894) from the National Survey of Fertility Barriers, the current study examines long-term psychological outcomes and reactions to pregnancy loss and infertility among mothers and involuntary childless women. In general, childless women who have experienced pregnancy loss or failure to conceive report the lowest life satisfaction and highest levels of depression despite a considerable period of time (seven years) since the loss or first year without a conception. However, women with the dual experience of pregnancy loss and involuntary childlessness report the most fertility-related distress. Results of the current study suggest that the "non-event" of involuntary childlessness may serve as an additional stressor in the traumatic experience of pregnancy loss.
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“While some studies measured mental health outcomes the day following loss (Ng et al., 2017; Isguder et al., 2018), another performed assessments at any time within 7 years following loss (Schwerdtfeger & Shreffler, 2009).”
From The mental health impact of perinatal loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Schwerdtfeger & Shreffler, 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schwerdtfeger, K. L., & Shreffler, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Oklahoma State University (US)
- ORCID
- Shreffler, Karina M.
- Venue
- Journal of Loss and Trauma
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-05-06
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 211-227
- ISSN
- 1532-5024 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5032
- PMC
- PMC3113688
- OpenAlex
- W2024838209
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Loss and Trauma (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD044144)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- miscarriage, infertility, involuntary childlessness, post-traumatic stress, depression, life satisfaction, psychological outcomes, mothers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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