The Pregnancy Experience of Gay Couples Expecting a Child Through Overseas Surrogacy
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the emotional experience of pregnancy for gay couples who turn to overseas surrogacy and face a geographical distance from the pregnancy. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 gay intended fathers, mean age 35.5 years, most of whom expected a child through surrogacy in India. The unborn children’s gestational age ranged from 10 weeks to 32 weeks. A qualitative thematic analysis of the interviews shows that the interviewees felt frustration and anxiety due to their distance from the physical pregnancy and, specifically, their inability to experience the physical presence of the fetus. The resulting emotional disconnect from the developing fetus impacted the development of their parental sense during the pregnancy. The results highlight the importance for the intended parents of establishing a close relationship with the surrogate mother, as is customary in the United States but generally not in countries such as India. The findings support the value of establishing international guidelines for cross-border reproductive services.
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Ziv and Freund-Eschar conducted in-depth interviews with eight gay couples from Tel-Aviv expecting a baby through surrogacy in either the United States or India.
“Ziv and Freund-Eschar [49] who conducted in-depth interviews with eight gay couples from Tel-Aviv expecting a baby through surrogacy in either the United States or India.”
From The impact of pregnancy loss on men’s health and wellbeing: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [49]
Ziv and Freund-Eschar described one participant's frustration and anxiety with regard to the ways in which surrogacy clinic practices did not allow for emotions to be expressed in regards to a miscarriage, with the participant reporting disappointment over time wasted.
“Ziv and Freund-Eschar touched on the impact of pregnancy loss in describing one participant’s frustration and anxiety with regard to the ways in which surrogacy clinic practices did not allow for emotions to be expressed in regards to a miscarriage, with the participant reporting disappointment over time wasted.”
From The impact of pregnancy loss on men’s health and wellbeing: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [49]
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- Authors
- Ziv, I., & Freund-Eschar, Y.
- Affiliations
- College of Management Academic Studies (IL)
- Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Ziv, Ido
- ORCID
- Ziv, Ido
- Venue
- The Family Journal
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-12-28
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 158-166
- ISSN
- 1066-4807 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3950
- OpenAlex
- W1963761175
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Family Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy
- Keywords
- gay couples, pregnancy experience
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