Cited by 405Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderMental Health Treatment and Access

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The Prevalence of ADHD, ODD, Depression, and Anxiety in a Community Sample of 4-Year-Olds

Lavigne, John V., LeBailly, Susan A., Hopkins, Joyce, Gouze, Karen R., Binns, Helen J.·2009·Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

DOI 10.1080/15374410902851382

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Abstract

Few studies have examined the epidemiology of preschoolers' psychopathology. This study included 796 4-year-old children recruited from schools and pediatric practices in a diverse, urban area. Psychiatric disorder was assessed by a structured interview adapted for preschool children and by questionnaire. The most common disorders were oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depressive disorders were reported in less than 1% of the sample. Race/ethnicity differences were not significant. Gender differences showed ADHD-inattentive type more common among boys, with no gender differences for GAD, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, separation anxiety disorder, or ODD at any level of impairment. The overall comorbidity rate was 6.4%. Approximately 3% of individuals receiving a diagnosis had received mental health services.

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Authors: Lavigne, J. V., LeBailly, S. A., Hopkins, J., Gouze, K. R., & Binns, H. J.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
Lurie Children's Hospital (US)
Illinois Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author: Lavigne, John V.
ORCID: Lavigne, John V.
Hopkins, Joyce
Gouze, Karen R.
Binns, Helen J.
Venue: Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2009-05-19
Volume: 38
Issue: 3
Pages: 315-328
ISSN: 1537-4416 (ISSN-L)
1537-4424
DOI: 10.1080/15374410902851382
OpenAlex: W2107876359
Cited by: 404
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 26.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH063665)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, depression, anxiety, preschool children, prevalence, comorbidities, gender differences, racial and ethnic differences, mental health service utilization, separation anxiety disorder, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder
MeSH terms: Anxiety Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Preschool, Community Mental Health Services, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, Dysthymic Disorder, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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