Low dose radiation effects on the brain – from mechanisms and behavioral outcomes to mitigation strategies

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Ionizing radiation inhibition of distant untreated tumors (abscopal effect) is immune mediated

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Biological Consequences of Radiation-induced DNA Damage: Relevance to Radiotherapy

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Radiation-induced impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with cognitive deficits in young mice

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Extreme sensitivity of adult neurogenesis to low doses of X-irradiation.

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Experience and the developing prefrontal cortex

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Arrested neuronal proliferation and impaired hippocampal function following fractionated brain irradiation in the adult rat

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Radiation-induced bystander effects — implications for cancer

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Functions and Dysfunctions of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

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Radiation injury and neurogenesis

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Radiation injury and neurogenesis

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Impaired Cognitive Function and Hippocampal Neurogenesis following Cancer Chemotherapy

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Elimination of microglia improves cognitive function following cranial irradiation

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Oncogenic bystander radiation effects in Patched heterozygous mouse cerebellum

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Pre-frontal executive committee for perception, working memory, attention, long-term memory, motor control, and thinking: A tutorial review

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Cranial irradiation compromises neuronal architecture in the hippocampus

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Ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress, epigenetic changes and genomic instability: The pivotal role of mitochondria

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Non-targeted bystander effects induced by ionizing radiation

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Irradiation induces DNA damage and modulates epigenetic effectors in distant bystander tissue in vivo

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Induction, repair and biological relevance of radiation-induced DNA lesions in eukaryotic cells

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Bystander effects and radiotherapy

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5‐Fluorouracil chemotherapy affects spatial working memory and newborn neurons in the adult rat hippocampus

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Role of epigenetic effectors in maintenance of the long-term persistent bystander effect in spleen in vivo

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Emergence of sex differences in the development of substance use and abuse during adolescence

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Enhancement of cognitive function in models of brain disease through environmental enrichment and physical activity

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Alterations in brain antioxidant enzymes and redox proteomic identification of oxidized brain proteins induced by the anti-cancer drug adriamycin: implications for oxidative stress-mediated chemobrain

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Sex differences in glia reactivity after cortical brain injury

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Epigenetic changes and nontargeted radiation effects—Is there a link?

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Partial volume rat lung irradiation; assessment of early DNA damage in different lung regions and effect of radical scavengers

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Low (20 cGy) Doses of 1 GeV/u⁵⁶Fe-Particle Radiation Lead to a Persistent Reduction in the Spatial Learning Ability of Rats

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Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment is associated with decreases in cell proliferation and histone modifications

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Forced running exercise attenuates hippocampal neurogenesis impairment and the neurocognitive deficits induced by whole-brain irradiation via the BDNF-mediated pathway

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Environmental enrichment enhances neurogenesis and improves functional outcome after cranial irradiation

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In Vivo Bystander Effect: Cranial X-Irradiation Leads to Elevated DNA Damage, Altered Cellular Proliferation and Apoptosis, and Increased p53 Levels in Shielded Spleen

Koturbash, I., Loree, J. M., Kutanzi, K. R., Koganow, C., Pogribny, I. P., & Kovalchuk, O. (2008) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.09.039 · Cited by 116 · see citing works

Radiation Response of Neural Precursor Cells

Fike, J. R., Rola, R., & Limoli, C. L. (2007) · Neurosurgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nec.2006.10.010 · Cited by 112 · see citing works

Genomic distribution and possible functions of DNA hydroxymethylation in the brain

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Sex-specific radiation-induced microRNAome responses in the hippocampus, cerebellum and frontal cortex in a mouse model

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Fluoxetine reverses the memory impairment and reduction in proliferation and survival of hippocampal cells caused by methotrexate chemotherapy

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Sex differences in brain plasticity: a new hypothesis for sex ratio bias in autism

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Non-targeted radiation effects—An epigenetic connection

Ilnytskyy, Y., & Kovalchuk, O. (2011) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.06.014 · Cited by 103 · see citing works

Cranial grafting of stem cell-derived microvesicles improves cognition and reduces neuropathology in the irradiated brain

Baulch, J. E., Acharya, M. M., Allen, B. D., Ru, N., Chmielewski, N. N., Martirosian, V., Giedzinski, E., Syage, A. R., Park, A. L., Benke, S. N., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1521668113 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Sex differences in the effects of adolescent stress on adult brain inflammatory markers in rats

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Transformation of cortical and hippocampal neural circuit by environmental enrichment

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Epigenetics in radiation biology: a new research frontier

Merrifield, M., & Kovalchuk, O. (2013) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2013.00040 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Investigation of sex differences in the expression of RORA and its transcriptional targets in the brain as a potential contributor to the sex bias in autism

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Chromosome aberrations in normal leukocytes induced by the plasma of exposed individuals.

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Bystander effects induced by serum from survivors of the Chernobyl accident

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Radiation-induced bystander effects in vivo are sex specific

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Selective brain responses to acute and chronic low-dose X-ray irradiation in males and females

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Role of connexin43 and ATP in long-range bystander radiation damage and oncogenesis in vivo

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Paternal cranial irradiation induces distant bystander DNA damage in the germline and leads to epigenetic alterations in the offspring

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Radiation effects on neural precursor cells in the dentate gyrus

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Sex-specific microRNAome deregulation in the shielded bystander spleen of cranially exposed mice

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The Effects of Cyclophosphamide on Hippocampal Cell Proliferation and Spatial Working Memory in Rat

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Evidence for ‘bystander effects’ in vivo

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Consequences of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Hippocampal Microenvironment

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Induction and persistence of radiation-induced DNA damage is more pronounced in young animals than in old animals

Hudson, D., Kovalchuk, I., Koturbash, I., Kolb, B. E., Martin, O. A., & Kovalchuk, O. (2011) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.100340 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

MiR-21 is Continually Elevated Long-Term in the Brain after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

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Are Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects?

Mothersill, C., & Seymour, C. B. (2012) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2012.00074 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Defining the Optimal Window for Cranial Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cells to Ameliorate Radiation-Induced Cognitive Impairment

Acharya, M. M., Martirosian, V., Christie, L., Riparip, L., Strnádel, J., Parihar, V. K., & Limoli, C. L. (2014) · Stem Cells Translational Medicine · doi:10.5966/sctm.2014-0063 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Human Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Provides Long-Term Restoration of Neuronal Plasticity in the Irradiated Hippocampus

Acharya, M. M., Rosi, S., Jopson, T. D., & Limoli, C. L. (2015) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.3727/096368914x684600 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Adenosine Kinase Inhibition Protects against Cranial Radiation-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction

Acharya, M. M., Baulch, J. E., Lusardi, T. A., Allen, B. D., Chmielewski, N. N., Baddour, A. A. D., Limoli, C. L., & Boison, D. (2016) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2016.00042 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Liver irradiation causes distal bystander effects in the rat brain and affects animal behaviour

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Effects of ionizing radiation on cellular structures, induced instability and carcinogenesis

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Profound and Sexually Dimorphic Effects of Clinically-Relevant Low Dose Scatter Irradiation on the Brain and Behavior

Kovalchuk, A., Mychasiuk, R., Muhammad, A., Hossain, S., Ilnytskyy, Y., Ghose, A., Kirkby, C., Ghasroddashti, E., Kolb, B. E., & Kovalchuk, O. (2016) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00084 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

The Cellular Composition of the Cerebral Cortex of Rat Fetuses after Fractionated Low-Dose Irradiation

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Development of prefrontal cortex

Kolk, S. M., & Rakic, P. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01137-9 · Cited by 378 · see citing works

Brain Damage and Patterns of Neurovascular Disorder after Ionizing Irradiation. Complications in Radiotherapy and Radiation Combined Injury

Gorbunov, N. V., & Kiang, J. G. (2021) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/rade-20-00147.1 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Neuro-consequences of the spaceflight environment

Mhatre, S. D., Iyer, J. S., Puukila, S., Paul, A. M., Tahimic, C. G. T., Rubinstein, L., Lowe, M. G., Alwood, J. S., Sowa, M. B., Bhattacharya, S., et al. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.055 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on radiation-induced damage and apoptosis in the rat hippocampus

El-Missiry, M. A., Othman, A. I., El-Sawi, M. R., & Lebede, M. F. (2018) · International Journal of Radiation Biology · doi:10.1080/09553002.2018.1492755 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Exposure to Ionizing Radiation and Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Srivastava, T., Chirikova, E., Birk, S., Xiong, F., Benzouak, T., Liu, J. Y., Villeneuve, P. J., & Zablotska, L. B. (2023) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/rade-22-00153.1 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Moon, Mars and Minds: Evaluating Parkinson’s disease mortality among U.S. radiation workers and veterans in the million person study of low-dose effects

Dauer, L. T., Walsh, L., Mumma, M. T., Cohen, S. S., Golden, A. P., Howard, S. C., Roemer, G. E., & Boice, J. D. (2023) · Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik · doi:10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.07.002 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Mice Exposed to Combined Chronic Low-Dose Irradiation and Modeled Microgravity Develop Long-Term Neurological Sequelae

Overbey, E. G., Paul, A. M., da Silveira, W. A., Tahimic, C. G. T., Reinsch, S. S., Szewczyk, N. J., Stanbouly, S., Wang, C., Galazka, J. M., & Mao, X. W. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20174094 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Effects of low dose ionizing radiation on the brain- a functional, cellular, and molecular perspective

Narasimhamurthy, R. K., Mumbrekar, K. D., & Rao, B. S. S. (2021) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2021.153030 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

One step synthesis of 10B-enriched 10BPO4 nanoparticles for effective boron neutron capture therapeutic treatment of recurrent head-and-neck tumor

Kuthala, N., Shanmugam, M., Yao, C., Chiang, C., & Hwang, K. C. (2022) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121861 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Effects of acute low-moderate dose ionizing radiation to human brain organoids

Oyefeso, F. A., Goldberg, G., Opoku, N. S., Vazquez, M. E., Bertucci, A., Chen, Z., Wang, C., Muotri, A. R., & Pecaut, M. J. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0282958 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

The Potential Therapeutic Effects of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation in Alzheimer's Disease

Jebelli, J., Hamper, M., Quelef, D. V., Caraballo, D., Hartmann, J. X., & Kumi-Diaka, J. K. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.23461 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Humic Substances Mitigate the Impact of Tritium on Luminous Marine Bacteria. Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species

Rozhko, T. V., Kolesnik, O. V., Badun, G. A., Стом, Д. И., & Kudryasheva, N. S. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21186783 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

The epigenetics of brain tumors and its modulation during radiation: A review

Raviraj, R., Nagaraja, S. S., Selvakumar, I., Mohan, S., & Nagarajan, D. (2020) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117974 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Predicting the risk of neurocognitive decline after brain irradiation in adult patients with a primary brain tumor

Tohidinezhad, F., Zegers, C. M. L., Vaassen, F., Dijkstra, J. B., Anten, M. H. M. E., van Elmpt, W., Ruysscher, D. D., Dekker, A. L. A. J., Eekers, D. B. P., & Traverso, A. (2024) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/noae035 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Out-of-field effects: lessons learned from partial body exposure

Pazzaglia, S., Eidemüller, M., Lumniczky, K., Mancuso, M., Ramadan, R., Stolarczyk, L., & Moertl, S. (2022) · Radiation and Environmental Biophysics · doi:10.1007/s00411-022-00988-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Epigenetic Regulation of the Hippocampus, with Special Reference to Radiation Exposure

Saw, G., & Tang, F. R. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21249514 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Marine Bacteria under Low-Intensity Radioactive Exposure: Model Experiments

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A new Monte Carlo model of a Cyberknife ® system for the precise determination of out-of-field doses

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Apolipoprotein E levels in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex predict relative regional brain volumes in irradiated Rhesus macaques

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Toxicity of ionizing radiation (IR) in a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived 3D early neurodevelopmental model

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Out-of-Field Hippocampus from Partial-Body Irradiated Mice Displays Changes in Multi-Omics Profile and Defects in Neurogenesis

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Total scalp irradiation: A study comparing multiple types of bolus and VMAT optimization techniques

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Role of Apolipoprotein E in the Hippocampus and Its Impact following Ionizing Radiation Exposure

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Radiation effects on early phase of NT2/D1 neural differentiation in vitro

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Anatomic and metabolic alterations in the rodent frontal cortex caused by clinically relevant fractionated whole-brain irradiation

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Neurodevelopmental impact of early diagnostic imaging in preterm infants: quantifying risk and the role of point-of-care ultrasound

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Brain DNA damaging effects of volatile anesthetics and 1 and 2 Gy gamma irradiation in vivo : Preliminary results

Benković, V., Milić, M., Oršolić, N., Knežević, A. H., Brozović, G., & Borojević, N. (2023) · Toxicology and Industrial Health · doi:10.1177/07482337221145599 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Prenatal radiation exposure leads to higher-order telencephalic dysfunctions in adult mice that coincide with reduced synaptic plasticity and cerebral hypersynchrony

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Scatter Irradiation of Rat Brain Triggers Sex- and Brain Region-Specific Changes in the Expression of Non-Coding RNA Fragments

Fiselier, A., Byeon, B., Ilnytskyy, Y., Kovalchuk, O., & Kovalchuk, I. (2022) · Epigenomes · doi:10.3390/epigenomes6040035 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

GlioMod: Spatiotemporal-Aware Glioblastoma Multiforme Tumor Growth Modeling with Deep Encoder-Decoder NetworksPreprint

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Effects of proton therapy on regional [18F]FDG uptake in non-tumor brain regions of patients treated for head and neck cancer

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Low-dose proton induced genetic alteration in cingulate cortex and declined its relevant cognitive function in behaviors

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Activation of Enzymes by Radiation

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The effect of moderate and low doses of ionizing radiation on higher nervous activity of humans and animals

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A high-density multi-electrode platform examining the effects of radiation on in vitro cortical networks

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Low-dose radiation research insights in experimental animals: A gateway to therapeutic implications

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Low-dose exposure to malathion and radiation culminates in the dysregulation of multiple neuronal processes instigating neurotoxicity and activation of neurodegeneration pathways in mice hippocampusPreprint

Rekha, K., Venkidesh, B. S., Nayak, S., Reghunathan, D., Mallya, S. P., Sharan, K., Rao, B. S. S., & Mumbrekar, K. D. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.06.08.544287 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Sins of Fathers Through a Scientific Lens

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Modern view on the question: The impact of the natural background radiation on the cognitive functions.

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The Challenges and Rewards of Low-dose Irradiation Experiments

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Sins of fathers through a scientific lens: Transgenerational effects

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Analysis of Variation of Tin Filter on Noise Values in CT Scan Mastoid Protocol Using CT Scan Single Source: Phantom Study

Suzana, M., Adi, K., & Darmini, D. (2023) · International Journal of Social health · doi:10.58860/ijsh.v2i9.92

Prediction models for personalized

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Cranial Irradiation of Carbon Ions Effect on the Recognition Memory in Mice

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Memantine mitigates radiation-induced cognitive impairment by modulating AKT/GSK3β signaling

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In Vitro cellular bioluminescence assay and organism-level responses to low-dose tritium irradiation

Kolesnik, O. V., Федотова, А. С., Жигарев, А. А., Badun, G. A., Турицына, Е. Г., & Kudryasheva, N. S. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Radioactivity · doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107932

Risques de complications associés à la radiothérapie externe : étude comparative des doses délivrées aux tissus sains par les techniques avancées de radiothérapie

Colnot, J. (2019) · doi:10.70675/baea8e31z4bc9z4a72z85aaze6092df7c002

Improved brain tumor control and characterization of long-term normal brain tissue effects after synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Therapy in rats

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Rethinking Radioactive Waste Management from Cellular Vulnerability to Molecular Containment

Hassan, A. I., Saleh, H. M., Doroshkevich, A. S., & Mezentseva, Z. V. (2026) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1017557

Effects of cancer therapies on the brain : from molecular mechanisms to behavioral outcomes

Kovalchuk, A. (2015) · Open ULeth Scholarship (OPUS) (University of Lethbridge)

Low-Dose Radiation-Induced Effects on Cognitive Function

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Early and late consequences of low dose radiation on brain

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Effects of low dose ionizing radiation on the brain- a functional, cellular, and molecular perspective

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Central Nervous System Injury – A Newly Observed Bystander Effect of Radiation

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