The Synthesis and Characterization of Microporous, High Surface Area Activated Carbon from Palm Seeds
Abstract
A high surface area, microporous activated carbon was prepared from palm seeds using chemical and physical activation methods. Samples of powdered palm seeds were treated with different concentrations of phosphoric and nitric acid at 160°C, followed by physical activation using CO2 at 550°C. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis of the carbon treated with acids has a low surface area (27 cm2/g) using nitrogen at 77.35 K, whereas only mesopore structures were opened by an acid mixture. Further physical treatment by CO2 provided a high surface area of 1,440 m2/g and the pore volume distribution illustrated a micropore structure with a mean pore of 1 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis illustrated the presence of carboxylic, phenolic, and lactoine groups on the surface of these activated carbon samples where the obtained zero point of charge (pHZPC) for this material was 4.89.
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Surface functional groups on biochar show catalytic properties due to the presence of O-, N-, and S-type functional groups, which serve as a platform for the synthesis of various functionalized carbon materials.
“Additionally, these groups show interesting catalytic properties due to the presence of O-, N-, and S-type functional groups, which serve as a platform for the synthesis of various functionalized carbon materials; 103-105”
From Sustainable hybrid photocatalysts: titania immobilized on carbon materials derived from renewable and biodegradable resources (2016) · cites this paper as [105]
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- Authors
- Shawabkeh, R. A., Al-Harthi, M., & Al-Ghamdi, S. M.
- Affiliations
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (SA)
- Venue
- Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-11-14
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 93-103
- ISSN
- 1556-7036 (ISSN-L)
- 1556-7230
- OpenAlex
- W2062360038
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Keywords
- activated carbon, palm seeds, biomass-derived carbon, chemical activation, phosphoric acid activation, nitric acid activation, CO2 physical activation, microporous carbon, high surface area, surface functional groups, point of zero charge, waste valorization
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