Co-liquefaction of Yatağan lignite and waste tire under catalytic conditions. Part 1. Effect of fresh tetraline and recycled tetraline on the conversion
Abstract
In this study, the effect of solvent type and the solvent/solid ratio on the liquefaction of Muğla-Yatagan lignite (YL) combined with waste tire (WT) under catalytic conditions investigated. Liquefaction experiments carried out the following conditions, a reaction temperature of 400°C, a catalyst concentration of 3%, solvent/solid ratio from 1/1 to 9/1, reaction time of 90 min, lignite/waste ratio of 1/1. In addition, mixing speed was 400 rpm, and the nitrogen gas pressure fixed at 30 bar. After the each of liquefaction experiments finished, the soluble products (SP) classified as preasphaltene (PAS), asphaltene (AS) and oil+gas (OG), by solvent extraction. Due to the optimum total conversion determined, fresh tetraline obtained as the most favorable solvent with 71.71%, for the liquefaction of YL with WT. However, the total conversion for recycling tetraline is 68.6%. According to the results, co-liquefaction of YL combined with WT using recycle solvent is the one way to offer, alternatively of using crude oil, producing SP for not crude oil, producing SP for not only fuel-oil production but also prefer chemical raw materials. With respect to the optimum oil+gas yield results, the most convenient solvent type and the solvent/solid ratio are the recycled solvent and its 3/1 ratio.
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Co-liquefaction of lignite and waste tire raw material in supercritical water at 400°C with 80% tire content has achieved total conversions up to 67% and oil yields of 50%.
“In the co-liquefaction of lignite and waste tire raw material, for instance, in supercritical water at 400 • C with an 80% tire content, total conversions up to 67% and oil yields of 50% have been achieved.”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [379]
Use of catalysts like Fe2O3 in other solvent systems has shown high conversion rates in co-liquefaction.
“The use of catalysts like Fe 2 O 3 in other solvent systems has also shown high conversion rates.”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [379]
Components from tire degradation may act as hydrogen donors or exhibit catalytic effects aiding lignite conversion in co-liquefaction.
“This suggests potential synergistic interactions where components from tire degradation may act as hydrogen donors or exhibit catalytic effects aiding lignite conversion [378,379].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [379]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Koyunoglu, C., Eksioglu, O., Yıldırım, O., & Karaca, H.
- Affiliations
- Energy Institute, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Inonu University (TR)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
- Venue
- Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-05-02
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1068-1075
- ISSN
- 1556-7036 (ISSN-L)
- 1556-7230
- OpenAlex
- W2802188819
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects (publishedVersion)
- Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Coal Properties and Utilization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Coal and Coke Industries Research
- Keywords
- co-liquefaction, lignite, waste tires, tetraline, solvent recovery, catalytic liquefaction, preasphaltenes, asphaltenes, waste tire recycling
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