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A Review of Transformational School Leadership Research 1996–2005
Abstract
This paper uses evidence about transformational forms of leadership in schools provided by 32 empirical studies published between 1996 and 2005 to answer questions about the nature of such leadership, its antecedents, and the variables that both moderate and mediate its effects on students. Results indicate significant, primarily indirect effects of this form of leadership on both student achievement and engagement in school. These effects are mediated by school culture, teachers’ commitment and job satisfaction, and a small number of other variables. Few studies have examined the antecedents or moderators of transformational school leadership.
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“The present study confirms that conventional transformational leadership is not the only one that suppresses negative crisis-related emotions and enhances positive ones (Kim, Jinyoung, & Ho Shin, 2021;Leithwood & Jantzi, 2005;Popper, 2004).”
From Principals' digital transformational leadership, teachers' commitment, and school effectiveness (2025) · cites this paper as Leithwood & Jantzi, 2005
In the citing paper
“Virtual interactions with transformational leaders appear to have contributed to providing direction to the staff, as previously reported regarding conventional communication with transformational leaders (Kim, Jinyoung, & Ho Shin, 2021;Leithwood & Jantzi, 2005;Popper, 2004).”
From Principals' digital transformational leadership, teachers' commitment, and school effectiveness (2025) · cites this paper as Leithwood & Jantzi, 2005
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Robinson, V. M. J., Lloyd, C. A., & Rowe, K. J. (2008) · Educational Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0013161x08321509 · Cited by 2,549
“…about the impact on students of these two types of leadership, those reviews have not quantified the impact, and thus it has been difficult to compare them systematically against this criterion (Hallinger, 2005; Hallinger & Heck, 1998; Leithwood & Jantzi, 2005; Leithwood, Tomlinson, & Genge, 1996).”
BackgroundResultLeithwood, K. A., & Jantzi, D. (2006) · School Effectiveness and School Improvement · doi:10.1080/09243450600565829 · Cited by 1,362
Self-citationDay, C., Gu, Q., & Sammons, P. (2016) · Educational Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0013161x15616863 · Cited by 996
How does leadership affect student achievement? Results from a national US survey
Seashore-Louis, K., Dretzke, B., & Wahlstrom, K. (2010) · School Effectiveness and School Improvement · doi:10.1080/09243453.2010.486586 · Cited by 652
“…of how formal leadership from principals affects a variety of school outcomes (see Hallinger, 2003; Hallinger & Heck, 1998; Heck & Hallinger, 2009; Leithwood & Jantzi, 1999, 2000, 2005), but many others have contributed to the accumulation of evidence that principals do, in fact, make a…”
BackgroundA systematic review of studies on leadership models in educational research from 1980 to 2014
Gümüş, S., Bellibaş, M., Esen, M., & Gumus, E. (2018) · Educational Management Administration & Leadership · doi:10.1177/1741143216659296 · Cited by 485
“…rarely, a few specific leadership models (e.g. Instructional, Distributed, Transformational) in detail (Bennett et al., 2003; Hallinger, 2003, 2005; Leithwood and Jantzi, 2005; Neumerski, 2013; Tian et al., 2016), rather than trying to explore the research trends in many different leadership…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- ORCID
- Leithwood, Kenneth
- Venue
- Leadership and Policy in Schools
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-09
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 177-199
- ISSN
- 1570-0763 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-5043
- OpenAlex
- W2047405005
- Cited by
- 776
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 47.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Leadership and Policy in Schools (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › School Leadership and Teacher Performance
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Leadership and Practices
- Social Sciences › Education › Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
- Keywords
- transformational leadership, school leadership, academic performance, student engagement, school culture, teacher commitment, teacher job satisfaction, antecedents of leadership, mediating effect, moderating effect
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