How plausible is an Alzheimer’s disease vaccine?
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) vaccination is one of the last therapeutic options after two decades of stagnation in terms of drug development. About 140 (85%) immunization procedures against Aβ deposition and 25 (15%) against Tau have been reported, but no Food and Drug Administration approval of any AD vaccine has been achieved. This might be attributed to deficient pathogenic targets, inappropriate models, defective immunotherapeutic procedures, and inadequate clinical trial design.Areas covered: The issues covered include the following: AD pathogenic mechanisms, rationale for active and passive immunization, vaccine targets, anti-Aβ/Tau vaccines, vaccine technologies, animal models, and clinical trials.Expert opinion: A vaccine against AD is technically feasible; however, important methodological aspects should be changed for a tentative clinical success, including (i) the development of multitarget AD immunotherapies; (ii) the optimization of antibody titers and epitopes; (iii) the pharmacogenetic/pharmacoepigenetic validation of the immunization procedure; (iv) the prophylactic treatment of genetically stratified patients at a pre-symptomatic stage; and (v) the definition of primary endpoints in prevention, based on objective/multifactorial biomarkers. Even with exquisite protocols, a successful vaccine would be potentially useful in at most 20–30% of defined cases, according to the genetic, epigenetic, and pharmacogenetic background of AD patients.
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Regarding Alzheimer's disease, vaccine development interventions consist of repurposed therapies.
“Regarding Alzheimer’s disease, AD vaccine development interventions consist of repurposed therapies [48].”
From Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
The most common aspects of Alzheimer's disease involve accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques, tau proteins, and neuroinflammation; these are the main targets for candidate anti-Alzheimer vaccines.
“The most common aspects of AD involve the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques, tau proteins, and neuroinflammation; these are the main targets for candidate anti-Alzheimer vaccines [48,49,50].”
From Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Cacabelos, R.
- Affiliations
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Cacabelos, Ramón
- ORCID
- Cacabelos, Ramón
- Venue
- Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-09-17
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-6
- ISSN
- 1746-0441 (ISSN-L)
- 1746-045X
- OpenAlex
- W2974498227
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 3
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease vaccine, immunotherapy, amyloid-beta, tau protein, active immunization, passive immunization, vaccine targets, animal models, clinical trial design, pharmacogenetics, pharmacoeconomics, presymptomatic treatment, biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Immunotherapy, tau Proteins, Alzheimer Vaccines
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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