177 Lu-DOTATATE for the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: 177Lutetium-[DOTA°,Tyr3]octreotate (177Lu-DOTATATE) is a type of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy that garnered FDA approval in January 2018 for the treatment of somatostatin receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients. The therapy approval was based on findings from the randomized international phase III NETTER-1 trial as well as outcome data from a large European registry. The mechanism of the drug stems directly from its structure: a somatostatin analog (octreotate) selectively binding to somatostatin receptor expressing cells and being internalized, along with a chelated beta-emitting isotope 177Lu.Areas Covered: Herein we describe the pharmacology, clinical efficacy and adverse event data from prospective and retrospective studies with 177Lu-DOTATATE. We discuss the role of 177Lu-DOTATATE within the current treatment landscape for GEP NET patients.Expert Opinion: 177Lu-DOTATATE represents a unique addition to the treatment armamentarium for GEP NETs because of its potential to elicit tumor cytoreduction, which is rare among other existing treatment options, and prolonged disease control. Where 177Lu-DOTATATE fits into the treatment sequence for GEP NET patients remains an area of active investigation.
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177Lu-DOTATATE is used to treat neuroendocrine tumors.
“An excellent example is 177Lu-DOTATATE, a radiolabelled somatostatin analogue, used to treat neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) [91].”
From Radiopharmaceuticals: navigating the frontier of precision medicine and therapeutic innovation (2024) · cites this paper as [91]
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“a chelating molecule (DOTA), and a beta-emitting radioisotope (177Lu), which is the first therapeutic PDC developed by Novartis [61].”
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“Radiolabeled somatostatin analogs have developed into an important treatment option for patients with progressive, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) (1).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPeptide-Drug Conjugates: Design, Chemistry, and Drug Delivery System as a Novel Cancer Theranostic
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β-radiating radionuclides in cancer treatment, novel insight into promising approach
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Safety and Therapeutic Optimization of Lutetium-177 Based Radiopharmaceuticals
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“This infusion is started about 30 min before the Lutathera®infusion and continues for 4 h [45,57,60,61] (Figure 3).”
BackgroundCurrent treatments and future potential of surufatinib in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs)
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Targeted drug conjugates in cancer therapy: Challenges and opportunities
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“Structures of payloads used within the peptide-drug conjugate fi eld. via the high-af fi nity binding agent 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N 0 , N,N 0 -tetraacetic acid (DOTA) [158].”
Engineering peptide drug therapeutics through chemical conjugation and implication in clinics
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Update in the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
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“The Ki-67 index, a marker of cell proliferation, can aid in differentiating low-grade PCs from high-grade NETs, such as LCNEC and SCLC, especially in a small biopsy with crush artifact.”
InfluentialSelf-citationRecent Advances in Augmenting the Therapeutic Efficacy of Peptide–Drug Conjugates
Ma, J., Wang, X., Hu, Y., Ma, J., Ma, Y., Chen, H., & Han, Z. (2025) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c00007 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Treatment with Radiopharmaceuticals and Radionuclides in Breast Cancer: Current Options
Altıparmak, B., & Yurt, F. (2021) · European Journal of Breast Health · doi:10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.2021-3-4 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Surufatinib for the treatment of advanced extrapancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Lu, X., Yan, S., Koral, K., & Chen, Z. (2021) · Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy · doi:10.1080/14737140.2021.1944110 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Current clinical application of lutetium‑177 in solid tumors (Review)
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The neuroscience of cancer: Focus on neuropeptidergic systems
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Application of Cleavable Linkers to Improve Therapeutic Index of Radioligand Therapies
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“4 GBq every 8 weeks for 4 total doses in the presence of a renal protection regimen [10].”
BackgroundEmerging innovations in theranostics for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Karimi, A., Bogdani, C., O'Dwyer, E., & Siolas, D. (2025) · npj Precision Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41698-025-00938-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
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“PRRT was firstly approved by FDA for the treatment of GEP-NETs that are somato-statin receptor-positive [105].”
MethodBeykan, S., Eberlein, U., Ansquer, C., Beauregard, J., Durand‐Gasselin, L., Grønbæk, H., Haug, A. R., Hicks, R. J., Lenzo, N. P., Navalkissoor, S., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-024-06682-1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“[ 177 Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE has, however, been associated with a mean terminal blood half-life of 72 h [39, 40], which is lower than the 127-hour median (110-hour mean) terminal half-life reported with [ 177 Lu]Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan at treatment cycle 1 in our study.”
ResultClinical advances in TNC delivery vectors and their conjugate agents
Chen, W., Wu, Y., Wang, J., Yu, W., Shen, X., Zhao, K., Liang, B., Hu, X., Wang, S., Jiang, H., et al. (2023) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108577 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Tumor Targeting with Peptide-Drug Conjugates: Showcasing Key Progress and Hurdles
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“Furthermore, shrink - age following RLT can be a delayed occurrence [ 64 – 66 ].”
Correlations between [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC Uptake and Absorbed Dose from [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE
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G Protein‐Coupled Receptor Signaling: Implications and Therapeutic Development Advances in Cancers
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Recent advances and applications of peptide–agent conjugates for targeting tumor cells
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Recent Progress in Peptide-Based Fluorescent Probes Biomedical Applications: A Review
Zhong, X., Xie, Y., Chen, Y., Lu, Y., & Hou, M. (2025) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s529323 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
An insight into the pharmacology of cysteine/methionine containing peptide drugs
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Advances in peptide-drug conjugate-based supramolecular hydrogel systems for local drug delivery
Shang, Q., Su, Y., Leslie, F., Sun, M., & Wang, F. (2022) · Medicine in Drug Discovery · doi:10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100125 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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“The FDA has approved (177)Lu-DOTATATE mediated PRRT for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (6).”
BackgroundKumar, S., Melek, M., & Rohl, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.906012 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Compared to earlier radionuclides, 177-Lutetium emits diagnostic ƴ-radiation, allowing better dosimetry, emits therapeutic b-radiation that has a shorter tissue penetration range (2mm), limiting exposure to neighboring normal tissue, and has nine-fold higher affinity for SST2, and lower hematological/renal toxicity (1…”
BackgroundLee, L., Ramos-Álvarez, I., & Jensen, R. T. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14051250 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Addressing the need for more therapeutic options in neuroendocrine prostate cancer
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Multi-functional engineered polypeptide-based drug delivery systems for improved cancer therapy
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SSTR2 as an anatomical imaging marker and a safety switch to monitor and manage CAR T cell toxicity
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Advances in radiopharmaceuticals for precision medicine: A global and Chinese perspective
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Peptide therapeutics: current status and future opportunity with focus on nose-to-brain delivery☆
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Applying real-world data from expanded-access (“compassionate use”) patients to drug development
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Advances in Homing Peptide Targeted Therapies
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“It received FDA approval in January 2018 for the treatment of patients with growth inhibitor receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NET) (Das et al. 2019).”
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“Since 2018, when the FDA approved the first PDC ( 177 Lu-DOTATATE) for the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors 20 , more than 100 PDCs have been evaluated for clinical development for tumor treatment and diagnosis.”
Bocchini, M., Tazzari, M., Ravaioli, S., Piccinini, F., Foca, F., Tebaldi, M., Nicolini, F., Grassi, I., Severi, S., Calogero, R., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1136331 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Future optimization of PRRT will depend on improved patient stratification (23, 24).”
BackgroundRadiopharmaceuticals for Pancreatic Cancer: A Review of Current Approaches and Future Directions
Calistri, S., Ottaviano, G., & Ubaldini, A. (2024) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph17101314 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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Clinical Evaluation of Nuclear Imaging Agents in Breast Cancer
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“Nowadays, several FDA-approved theranostic pairs, such as [68Ga]DOTATATE and [177Lu]DOTATATE for neuroendocrine tumors, are used in clinical nuclear medicine practice [13,14].”
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“…approved for clinical use to treat somatostatin receptors and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) overexpressing cancers, respectively [22,23]. peptide–radionuclide conjugates, 177Lu-DOTA-TATE and 177Lu-PSMA-617, have been approved for clinical use to treat somatostatin receptors and fi c…”
Recent Advances in the Linkers of Drug Conjugates
Deng, S., Wen, X., & Wang, J. (2024) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0109298673320170240829110110 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Advances and future directions in radiopharmaceutical delivery for cancer treatment
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177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT for Multiple Unusual Metastatic Sites in Neuroendocrine Tumor
Parghane, R. V., & Basu, S. K. (2022) · Clinical Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1097/rlu.0000000000004139 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Side effects of theragnostic agents currently employed in clinical practice
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Navigating the landscape of theranostics in nuclear medicine: current practice and future prospects
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“The higher range and maximum energy of 90Y, despite its higher potential to cause AEs, can simultaneously bring a higher level of overall survival [6,32].”
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New Treatment Options for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Narrative Review
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“…NETTER-1 study contributed to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s approval in 2018 of 177Lu-DOTATATE for the treatment of advanced somatostatin receptor-positive NETs, including gastrointestinal and pancreatic tumors, despite the fact that the trial did not include patients with PanNETs [87].”
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“In another study, the peptide–drug conjugate DOTATATE, composed of the cyclic peptide H-D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr-OH covalently linked to the chelator Tyr3-octreotate, has been successfully utilized to target gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors [21].”
Cylindrical TGR as early radiological predictor of RLT progression in GEPNETs: a proof of concept
Scalorbi, F., Garanzini, E. M., Calareso, G., Marzi, C., Rocco, G. D., Argiroffi, G., Baccini, M., Pusceddu, S., Marchianò, A. V., & Maccauro, M. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66668-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Onkologische Theranostik in der Nuklearmedizin
Laschinsky, C., Herrmann, K., Fendler, W. P., Nader, M., Lahner, H., Hadaschik, B. A., & Sandach, P. (2022) · Die Radiologie · doi:10.1007/s00117-022-01072-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Diese Ergebnisse führten 2018 zur Zulassung der Therapie [11, 12, 13].”
BackgroundOkwundu, N., Weil, C. R., Soares, H. P., Fine, G., & Cannon, D. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.3389/fnume.2023.1074948 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“(177)Lu-dotatate is formed by coupling (177)Lu with the high-affinity somatostatin analog octreotate using the tetraxetan (DOTA) chelator molecule (15).”
An Overview of Structural Framework and Classification of Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals
Kaur, J., & Mukherjee, M. (2024) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.202403431 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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“177 Lu-DOTATATE Lu-DOTATATE based peptide receptor RPT gained food and drug administration approval in 2018 for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumor patients [1].”
Radiation exposure and protection advice after [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy in China
Liu, F., Li, P., Xu, J., Zhang, J., Xu, X., Chen, Z., Qiao, Y., Liang, Y., Chen, J., & Song, S. (2024) · EJNMMI Research · doi:10.1186/s13550-024-01185-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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“Unlike conventional chemotherapy, radionuclide payloads deliver ionizing radiation directly to tumor cells through peptide-mediated receptor targeting, thereby maximizing tumor-localized cytotoxicity while sparing adjacent normal tissues [16,42].”
Dosing lutetium Lu 177‐dotatate for a hemodialysis patient
Taylor, L., Meades, R., Quigley, A., Toumpanakis, C., Goodlad, C., & Davenport, A. (2024) · Hemodialysis International · doi:10.1111/hdi.13144 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Systemic Therapy for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Wheless, M. C., & Das, S. (2022) · Clinical Colorectal Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.clcc.2022.08.003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationCancer Theranostics: Pharmaceutical View
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Onkologische Theranostik in der Nuklearmedizin
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“Diese Ergebnisse führten 2018 zur Zulassung der Therapie [11, 12, 13].”
BackgroundA New Buffer for Gallium-68 Labeling Suitable for use in Nuclear Medicine; Triethanolamine (TEA)
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Primary intraspinal neuroendocrine tumor: A case report and literature review
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- Authors
- Das, S., Al-Toubah, T., El-Haddad, G., & Strosberg, J.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Department of GI Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Moffitt Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Das, Satya
- Venue
- Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-10-30
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1023-1031
- ISSN
- 1747-4124 (ISSN-L)
- 1747-4132
- PMC
- PMC7227421
- OpenAlex
- W2981499856
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 6.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (K12CA090625)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
- Keywords
- 177Lu-DOTATATE, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, somatostatin receptors, octreotate, NETTER-1 trial, treatment efficacy, adverse events, treatment sequencing
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms, Humans, Organometallic Compounds, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Octreotide, Treatment Outcome, Neuroendocrine Tumors, Radiopharmaceuticals
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