Cited by 3,074Qualitative Research Methods and ApplicationsSport Psychology and PerformanceQualitative Research Methods and Ethics

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Developing rigor in qualitative research: problems and opportunities within sport and exercise psychology

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Smith, Brett, McGannon, Kerry R.·2018·International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology

DOI 10.1080/1750984x.2017.1317357

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Abstract

Qualitative research has grown within sport and exercise psychology and is now widely conducted. The purpose of this review is to discuss three commonly used ways to demonstrate rigor when conducting or judging qualitative research in sport and exercise psychology. These are the method of member checking, the method of inter-rater reliability, and the notion of universal criteria. Problems with each method are first highlighted. Member checking and inter-rater reliability are shown to be ineffective for verification, trustworthiness, or reliability purposes. Next, universal criteria within the context of Tracy’s, heavily drawn on paper within sport and exercise psychology is problematized. Throughout the discussion of each method and universal criteria more suitable possibilities for conducting rigorous qualitative research are offered. The paper concludes that to support high-quality qualitative research, scholars – including journal editors and reviewers – need to change how rigor is developed and judged, rather than perpetuate the problems with how it has been commonly evaluated in the past. Recommendations for developing rigor when conducting and/or judging qualitative research within sport and exercise psychology are also offered.

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Authors: Smith, B., & McGannon, K. R.
Affiliations: University of Birmingham (GB)
Laurentian University (CA)
Corresponding author: Smith, Brett
ORCID: Smith, Brett
McGannon, Kerry R.
Venue: International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2017-05-14
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 101-121
ISSN: 1750-984X (ISSN-L)
1750-9858
DOI: 10.1080/1750984x.2017.1317357
OpenAlex: W2615715350
Cited by: 3,074
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 358 · 2025: 418 · 2024: 394 · 2023: 395 · 2022: 365 · 2021: 396 · 2020: 299 · 2019: 227 · 2018: 161 · 2017: 61
FWCI: 728.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
durham-repository.worktribe.com
Licence: cc-by
Locations: International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology (publishedVersion)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
Keywords: qualitative research rigor, member checking, inter-rater reliability, trustworthiness, research evaluation, peer review, editorial practice, sport and exercise psychology

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Developing rigor in qualitative research: problems and opportunities within sport and exercise psychology

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