The DOI matches its Crossref record; 100 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Risk and protective factors for mental health in elite athletes: a scoping review
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of studies concerning the mental health (MH) of elite athletes and to provide a methodological, conceptual, and applied overview of factors affecting elite athletes’ MH. A total of nine reviews and 43 empirical studies were evaluated and are reported in three sections: sample characteristics, research design, and factors affecting elite athletes’ MH. These factors were grouped into risk and protective factors and divided into a personal and sport-environmental domain. The studies used quantitative (84%), qualitative (11%), and mixed-method (5%) designs and examined a wide range of sports in different countries. Our review shows that researchers have predominantly examined the prevalence of athletes’ mental ill-health (e.g. depression) and the related factors compromising MH. Potential protective factors such as the feeling of autonomy, positive relations in sport and private life, and adequate recovery were highlighted in the qualitative studies. The discussion appraises the findings through a critical lens, focuses on the current state of the research area and the MH definition, limitations, suggested practical implications (e.g. to provide MH literacy to both athletes and coaches), and future research directions (e.g. examining environments that foster elite athletes’ MH).
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“given this framework has been endorsed in an elite sports context [34, 63, 64] and empirically validated across a range of studies in the general population [32, 65, 66].”
From The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
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Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation
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The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior
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The mental health continuum: from languishing to flourishing in life.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2002) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/3090197 · Cited by 5,133 · cited 9×
“Studies that investigated both sides of the MH continuum (i.e. languishing and flourishing; Keyes, 2002) were rare and mostly qualitative (e.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThe Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation
Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., Parkinson, J., Secker, J., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-5-63 · Cited by 5,031 · cited 1×
“Hence, current views on MH and well-being have shifted the focus from a negative conceptualization of MH as the absence of mental illness to definitions that encompass positive aspects and include the level of functioning of individuals (Tennant et al., 2007; Uphill, Sly, & Swain, 2016).”
BackgroundKeyes, C. L. M. (2007) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.2.95 · Cited by 2,268 · cited 2×
“In this review, we refer to Keyes’ (2002; 2007) two-continuum model in which MH is characterized as a complete state.”
BackgroundDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
Mullner, R. M. (2009) · Encyclopedia of Health Services Research · doi:10.4135/9781412971942.n109 · Cited by 1,359
Morrison, A., Polisena, J., Husereau, D., Moulton, K., Clark, M., Fiander, M., Mierzwinski-Urban, M., Clifford, T., Hutton, B., & Rabb, D. (2012) · International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care · doi:10.1017/s0266462312000086 · Cited by 1,257
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2014). Mental health: A state of well-being. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
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An Evidence-Informed Framework to Promote Mental Wellbeing in Elite Sport
Purcell, R., Pilkington, V., Carberry, S., Reid, D., Gwyther, K., Hall, K., Deacon, A., Manon, R., Walton, C. C., & Rice, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.780359 · Cited by 156
Athlete mental health in the Olympic/Paralympic Quadrennium: a multi-societal consensus statement
Henriksen, K., Schinke, R., McCann, S., Durand-Bush, N., Moesch, K., Parham, W. D., Larsen, C. H., Cogan, K., Donaldson, A., Poczwardowski, A., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2020.1746379 · Cited by 116
Self-citationThe mental health of student-athletes: a systematic scoping review
Kegelaers, J. J., Wylleman, P., Defruyt, S., Praet, L., Stambulova, N. B., Torregrossa, M., Kenttä, G., & Brandt, K. D. (2022) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2022.2095657 · Cited by 149
Kuettel, A., Pedersen, A. K., & Larsen, C. H. (2021) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101837 · Cited by 89
Self-citationLundqvist, C., & Andersson, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.700829 · Cited by 110
Metadata
- Authors
- Kuettel, A., & Larsen, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Venue
- International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-12-10
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 231-265
- ISSN
- 1750-984X (ISSN-L)
- 1750-9858
- OpenAlex
- W2994855500
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 36.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- mental health, elite athletes, risk factors, protective factors, depression, autonomy, recovery, mental illness, mental health literacy, coaches
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