The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Incivility Online: Affective and Behavioral Reactions to Uncivil Political Posts in a Web-based Experiment
Abstract
With the advances in interpersonal communication of the “Web 2.0” era, questions about the importance of civility are perhaps more important than ever. Mass digital interaction between strangers has become an everyday occurrence, bound by few behavioral norms. I argue that the widespread presence of incivility in online political communication limits the deliberative potential of online interactions. To test this hypothesis, I manipulate exposure to uncivil political discourse in an online discussion forum. I find that exposure to disagreeable uncivil political talk induces feelings of anger and aversion, which in turn reduces satisfaction with the message board discourse. On the other hand, exposure to like-minded incivility increases the use of uncivil behavior in political comments by message board posters. Notably, these effects mainly occur when histrionic, emotional incivility is present. I discuss why like-minded and disagreeable incivility have different effects, and reflect on what the presence of incivility means for online political discourse.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A 61-million-person experiment in social influence and political mobilization
Bond, R. M., Fariss, C. J., Jones, J. J., Kramer, A. D. I., Marlow, C., Settle, J. E., & Fowler, J. H. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11421 · Cited by 2,575
Intergroup emotions: Explaining offensive action tendencies in an intergroup context.
Mackie, D. M., Devos, T., & Smith, E. R. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.79.4.602 · Cited by 1,691
Hearing the Other Side: Deliberative versus Participatory Democracy
Mutz, D. C. (2006) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511617201 · Cited by 1,687
Hindman, M. (2009) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400837496 · Cited by 1,680
The Internet, Public Spheres, and Political Communication: Dispersion and Deliberation
Dahlgren, P. (2005) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584600590933160 · Cited by 1,575
Hearing the other side: deliberative versus participatory democracy
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-2388 · Cited by 1,474
Polarization and Partisan Selective Exposure
Stroud, N. J. (2010) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01497.x · Cited by 1,346
Echo Chamber: Rush Limbaugh and the Conservative Media Establishment
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-0104 · Cited by 1,256
Media Use and Political Predispositions: Revisiting the Concept of Selective Exposure
Stroud, N. J. (2008) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-007-9050-9 · Cited by 1,154
Papacharissi, Z. (2004) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444804041444 · Cited by 1,154
Cited by
Frenemies: How Social Media Polarizes America
Settle, J. E. (2018) · doi:10.1017/9781108560573 · Cited by 377
Disinformation as a Threat to Deliberative Democracy
McKay, S., & Tenove, C. (2021) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912920938143 · Cited by 378
Rossini, P. (2022) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650220921314 · Cited by 312
Theocharis, Y., Barberá, P., Fazekas, Z., Popa, S. A., & Parnet, O. (2016) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/jcom.12259 · Cited by 237
The downsides of digital labor: Exploring the toll incivility takes on online comment moderators
Riedl, M. J., Masullo, G. M., & Whipple, K. N. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106262 · Cited by 48
Metadata
- Authors
- Gervais, B. T.
- Venue
- Journal of Information Technology & Politics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-01-14
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 167-185
- ISSN
- 1933-1681 (ISSN-L)
- 1933-169X
- OpenAlex
- W1982558964
- Cited by
- 358
- References
- 37
- FWCI
- 28.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Incivility Online: Affective and Behavioral Reactions to Uncivil Political Posts in a Web-based Experiment. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/19331681.2014.997416
- The paper
- Gervais, B. T. (2015). Incivility Online: Affective and Behavioral Reactions to Uncivil Political Posts in a Web-based Experiment. Journal of Information Technology & Politics. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2014.997416
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
