Cited by 200Agricultural safety and regulationsFood Safety and HygieneDye analysis and toxicity

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Review of the regulation and safety assessment of food substances in various countries and jurisdictions

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Magnuson, Bernadene, Munro, Ian, Abbot, Peter, Baldwin, Nigel, Lopez-Garcia, Rebeca, Ly, Karen, McGirr, Larry, Roberts, Ashley, Socolovsky, Susan·2013·Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

DOI 10.1080/19440049.2013.795293PMC PMC3725665

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Abstract

This review compares the regulations, definitions and approval processes for substances intentionally added to or unintentionally present in human food in the following specific countries/jurisdictions: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, and the United States. This includes direct food additives, food ingredients, flavouring agents, food enzymes and/or processing aids, food contact materials, novel foods, and nanoscale materials for food applications. The regulatory authority of each target jurisdiction/country uses its own regulatory framework and although the definitions, regulations and approval processes may vary among all target countries, in general there are many similarities. In all cases, the main purpose of each authority is to establish a regulatory framework and maintain/enforce regulations to ensure that food consumed and sold within its respective countries is safe. There is a move towards harmonisation of food regulations, as illustrated by Australia and New Zealand and by Mercosur. The European Union has also established regulations, which are applicable for all member states, to establish a common authorisation procedure for direct food additives, flavourings and enzymes. Although the path for approval of different categories of food additives varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, there are many commonalities in terms of the data requirements and considerations for assessment of the safety of use of food additives, including the use of positive lists of approved substances, pre-market approval, and a separation between science and policy decisions. The principles applied are largely reflective of the early work by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) committees and JECFA assessments of the safety of food additives for human and animal foods.

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Authors: Magnuson, B., Munro, I., Abbot, P., Baldwin, N., Lopez-Garcia, R., Ly, K., McGirr, L., Roberts, A., & Socolovsky, S.
Affiliations: University of Toronto (CA)
Intertek (Canada) (CA)
Corresponding author: Magnuson, Bernadene
ORCID: Roberts, Ashley
Venue: Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2013-07
Volume: 30
Issue: 7
Pages: 1147-1220
ISSN: 1944-0049 (ISSN-L)
1944-0057
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.795293
PMC: PMC3725665
OpenAlex: W2113403465
Cited by: 200
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 4
FWCI: 15.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Food Additives & Contaminants Part A (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Pew Charitable Trusts
European Food Safety Authority
European Commission
Health Canada
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Safety and Hygiene
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Dye analysis and toxicity
Keywords: food additive regulation, food safety assessment, food additives, food ingredients, flavouring agents, food enzymes, processing aids, food contact materials, novel foods, regulatory harmonisation, premarket approval, JECFA, international regulatory comparison
MeSH terms: Legislation, Food, Safety, Internationality

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