Transcriptional regulation by promoters with enhancer function
Open accessAbstract
Promoters with enhancer activity have been described recently. In this point of view, we will discuss current findings highlighting the commonality of this type of regulatory elements, their genetic and epigenetic characteristics, their potential biological roles in the regulation of gene expression and the underlining molecular mechanisms. ABBREVIATIONS: TSS: transcription start site; IFN: interferon; STARR-seq: Self-Transcribing Active Regulatory Region sequencing; MPRA: Massively Parallel Reporter Assay; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CRISPR: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; lncRNA: long non-coding RNA.
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Certain promoters, termed epromoters, can also function as enhancers.
“Finally, evidence from multiple sources including reporter assays [169, 175, 239, 240], CRISPR [240–242], chromatin mapping [243, 244] and population genetics analysis [207, 245] suggests that certain promoters, termed ‘epromoters’, can also function as enhancers (reviewed in [246]).”
From Transcriptional enhancers and their communication with gene promoters (2021) · cites this paper as [246]
Promoters can have enhancer activity.
“Now, there is convincing evidence that promoters can have enhancer activity [72,73,74,75], while intragenic enhancers can act as alternative promoters [76].”
From Enhancer Function in the 3D Genome (2023) · cites this paper as [73]
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Transcriptional enhancers and their communication with gene promoters
Ray-Jones, H., & Spivakov, M. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-021-03903-w · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Enhancer Function in the 3D Genome
Razin, S. V., Ulianov, S. V., & Iarovaia, O. V. (2023) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes14061277 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dao, L. T. M., & Spicuglia, S.
- Affiliations
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VN)
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Spicuglia, Salvatore
- Venue
- Transcription
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-06-25
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 307-314
- ISSN
- 2154-1264 (ISSN-L)
- 2154-1272
- PMC
- PMC6150634
- OpenAlex
- W2808479265
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Transcription (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- ARC (PJA 20151203149)
- Plan Cancer (P036496)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Keywords
- enhancer-promoter interactions, transcriptional regulation, gene expression regulation, epigenetic regulation, transcription start sites, long non-coding RNA, interferon, STARR-seq, massively parallel reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, CRISPR, enhancer function
- MeSH terms
- Gene Editing, Animals, Drosophila, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, HeLa Cells, Humans, Indoles, Interferons, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Pyrimidines, Thiazoles, Thiophenes, Transcription, Genetic, Mice, Knockout, K562 Cells, Mice, CRISPR-Cas Systems
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