Cited by 169Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsChromatin Remodeling and CancerGene Regulatory Network Analysis

Genome-scale high-resolution mapping of activating and repressive nucleotides in regulatory regions

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Ernst, Jason, Melnikov, Alexandre, Zhang, Xiaolan, Wang, Li, Rogov, Peter, Mikkelsen, Tarjei S, Kellis, Manolis·2016·Nature Biotechnology

Abstract

Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) enable nucleotide-resolution dissection of transcriptional regulatory regions, such as enhancers, but only few regions at a time. Here we present a combined experimental and computational approach, Systematic high-resolution activation and repression profiling with reporter tiling using MPRA (Sharpr-MPRA), that allows high-resolution analysis of thousands of regions simultaneously. Sharpr-MPRA combines dense tiling of overlapping MPRA constructs with a probabilistic graphical model to recognize functional regulatory nucleotides, and to distinguish activating and repressive nucleotides, using their inferred contribution to reporter gene expression. We used Sharpr-MPRA to test 4.6 million nucleotides spanning 15,000 putative regulatory regions tiled at 5-nucleotide resolution in two human cell types. Our results recovered known cell-type-specific regulatory motifs and evolutionarily conserved nucleotides, and distinguished known activating and repressive motifs. Our results also showed that endogenous chromatin state and DNA accessibility are both predictive of regulatory function in reporter assays, identified retroviral elements with activating roles, and uncovered 'attenuator' motifs with repressive roles in active chromatin.

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  • Massively Parallel Reporter Assays have been established to directly test and identify active enhancers.

    “new experimental approaches, such as Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRAs), have been established to directly test and identify active enhancers14–18.”
  • The 12K library included 795 shuffled regions as negative control and 360 positive controls that previously showed activity in HepG2 and have mouse orthologous regions accessible in mouse liver.

    “Moreover, we included 795 shuffled regions as a negative control, and 360 positive controls that previously showed activity in HepG2, and for which a mouse orthologous region can be found that is also accessible in the mouse liver.”

    From Single-cell spatial multi-omics and deep learning dissect enhancer-driven gene regulatory networks in liver zonation (2024) · cites this paper as [91]

    The Online Methods describe a 250-region pilot design and a 15,720-region scale-up design, but do not describe the claimed 12K library. Searches for 795 shuffled regions, 360 positive controls, and mouse-liver-accessible orthologs found no passage addressing those details. (LLM, conf=0.75)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Ernst, J., Melnikov, A., Zhang, X., Wang, L., Rogov, P., Mikkelsen, T. S., & Kellis, M.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • Broad Institute (US)
Corresponding author
  • Ernst, Jason
  • Kellis, Manolis
Venue
Nature Biotechnology
Published
2016-10-03
Volume
34
Issue
11
Pages
1180-1190
ISSN
  • 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
  • 1087-0156
  • 1546-1696
OpenAlex
W2529467427
Cited by
162
References
80
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 1
FWCI
6.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • PMC
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • National Institute on Aging (RF1AG054012)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH109978, U01MH105578)
  • National Human Genome Research Institute (U41HG007000, U01HG007610, U01HG007912, R01HG008155, U54HG006991, R01HG004037, U01HG009088, R01HG006785)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM113708)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES024995)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
Keywords
massively parallel reporter assay, enhancers, transcriptional regulation, regulatory motifs, probabilistic graphical models, chromatin accessibility, retroviral elements, active chromatin
MeSH terms
Chromosome Mapping, Humans, Nucleotides, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Genome, Human, Conserved Sequence, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Epigenetic Repression

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