Genome-scale high-resolution mapping of activating and repressive nucleotides in regulatory regions
Open accessAbstract
Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) enable nucleotide-resolution dissection of transcriptional regulatory regions, such as enhancers, but only few regions at a time. Here we present a combined experimental and computational approach, Systematic high-resolution activation and repression profiling with reporter tiling using MPRA (Sharpr-MPRA), that allows high-resolution analysis of thousands of regions simultaneously. Sharpr-MPRA combines dense tiling of overlapping MPRA constructs with a probabilistic graphical model to recognize functional regulatory nucleotides, and to distinguish activating and repressive nucleotides, using their inferred contribution to reporter gene expression. We used Sharpr-MPRA to test 4.6 million nucleotides spanning 15,000 putative regulatory regions tiled at 5-nucleotide resolution in two human cell types. Our results recovered known cell-type-specific regulatory motifs and evolutionarily conserved nucleotides, and distinguished known activating and repressive motifs. Our results also showed that endogenous chromatin state and DNA accessibility are both predictive of regulatory function in reporter assays, identified retroviral elements with activating roles, and uncovered 'attenuator' motifs with repressive roles in active chromatin.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Massively Parallel Reporter Assays have been established to directly test and identify active enhancers.
“new experimental approaches, such as Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRAs), have been established to directly test and identify active enhancers14–18.”
From Enhancer grammar of liver cell types and hepatocyte zonation states (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
The 12K library included 795 shuffled regions as negative control and 360 positive controls that previously showed activity in HepG2 and have mouse orthologous regions accessible in mouse liver.
“Moreover, we included 795 shuffled regions as a negative control, and 360 positive controls that previously showed activity in HepG2, and for which a mouse orthologous region can be found that is also accessible in the mouse liver.”
From Single-cell spatial multi-omics and deep learning dissect enhancer-driven gene regulatory networks in liver zonation (2024) · cites this paper as [91]
The Online Methods describe a 250-region pilot design and a 15,720-region scale-up design, but do not describe the claimed 12K library. Searches for 795 shuffled regions, 360 positive controls, and mouse-liver-accessible orthologs found no passage addressing those details. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome
The ENCODE Project Consortium (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11247 · Cited by 18,072 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Human Genome Browser at UCSC
Kent, W. J., Sugnet, C. W., Furey, T. S., Roskin, K. M., Pringle, T. H., Zahler, A. M., & Haussler, A. D. (2002) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.229102 · Cited by 10,400 · see citing works
Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes
Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium, Kundaje, A., Meuleman, W., Ernst, J., Bilenky, M., Yen, A., Heravi-Moussavi, A., Kheradpour, P., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14248 · Cited by 6,368 · see citing works
Self-citationFitting a mixture model by expectation maximization to discover motifs in biopolymers.
Bailey, T. L., & Elkan, C. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 4,933 · see citing works
Histone H3K27ac separates active from poised enhancers and predicts developmental state
Creyghton, M. P., Cheng, A. W., Welstead, G. G., Kooistra, T., Carey, B. W., Steine, E. J., Hanna, J., Lodato, M. A., Frampton, G. M., Sharp, P. A., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1016071107 · Cited by 4,302 · see citing works
Master Transcription Factors and Mediator Establish Super-Enhancers at Key Cell Identity Genes
Whyte, W. A., Orlando, D. A., Hnisz, D., Abraham, B. J., Lin, C. Y., Kagey, M. H., Rahl, P. B., Lee, T. I., & Young, R. A. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.035 · Cited by 4,143 · see citing works
Mapping and analysis of chromatin state dynamics in nine human cell types
Ernst, J., Kheradpour, P., Mikkelsen, T. S., Shoresh, N., Ward, L. D., Epstein, C. B., Zhang, X., Wang, L., Issner, R., Coyne, M., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09906 · Cited by 2,898 · see citing works
Self-citationThe accessible chromatin landscape of the human genome
Thurman, R. E., Rynes, E., Humbert, R., Vierstra, J., Maurano, M. T., Haugen, E., Sheffield, N. C., Stergachis, A. B., Wang, H., Vernot, B., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11232 · Cited by 2,679 · see citing works
Histone modifications at human enhancers reflect global cell-type-specific gene expression
Heintzman, N. D., Hon, G. C., Hawkins, R. D., Kheradpour, P., Stark, A., Harp, L. F., Ye, Z., Lee, L. K., Stuart, R. K., Ching, C. W., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07829 · Cited by 2,533 · see citing works
Self-citationChromHMM: automating chromatin-state discovery and characterization
Ernst, J., & Kellis, M. (2012) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1906 · Cited by 2,489 · see citing works
Self-citationPredicting effects of noncoding variants with deep learning–based sequence model
Zhou, J., & Troyanskaya, O. G. (2015) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3547 · Cited by 2,338 · see citing works
Quantifying similarity between motifs
Gupta, S., Stamatoyannopoulos, J. A., Bailey, T. L., & Noble, W. S. (2007) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-2-r24 · Cited by 2,058 · see citing works
Xie, X., Lu, J., Kulbokas, E. J., Golub, T. R., Mootha, V., Lindblad-Toh, K., Lander, E. S., & Kellis, M. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03441 · Cited by 1,872 · see citing works
Self-citationArchitecture of the human regulatory network derived from ENCODE data
Gerstein, M., Kundaje, A. B., Hariharan, M., Landt, S. G., Yan, K., Cheng, C., Mu, X. J., Khurana, E., Rozowsky, J. S., Alexander, R. P., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11245 · Cited by 1,418 · see citing works
<i>FTO</i> Obesity Variant Circuitry and Adipocyte Browning in Humans
Claussnitzer, M., Dankel, S. N., Kim, K.-H., Quon, G., Meuleman, W., Haugen, C., Glunk, V., Sousa, I. S., Beaudry, J. L., Puviindran, V., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1502214 · Cited by 1,332 · see citing works
Self-citationGenome-Wide Quantitative Enhancer Activity Maps Identified by STARR-seq
Arnold, C. D., Gerlach, D., Stelzer, C., Boryń, Ł. M., Rath, M., & Stark, A. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1232542 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
A high-resolution map of human evolutionary constraint using 29 mammals
Broad Institute Sequencing Platform and Whole Genome Assembly Team, Lindblad-Toh, K., Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center Sequencing Team, Genome Institute at Washington University, Garber, M., Zuk, O., Lin, M. F., Parker, B. J., Washietl, S., Kheradpour, P., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10530 · Cited by 1,108 · see citing works
Self-citationSchoenherr, C. J., & Anderson, D. J. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7871435 · Cited by 1,088 · see citing works
Discovery and characterization of chromatin states for systematic annotation of the human genome
Ernst, J., & Kellis, M. (2010) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1662 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works
Self-citationBCL11A enhancer dissection by Cas9-mediated in situ saturating mutagenesis
Canver, M. C., Smith, E. C., Sher, F., Pinello, L., Sanjana, N. E., Shalem, O., Chen, D. D., Schupp, P. G., Vinjamur, D. S., Garcia, S. P., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature15521 · Cited by 886 · see citing works
Transposable elements have rewired the core regulatory network of human embryonic stem cells
Kunarso, G., Chia, N., Jeyakani, J., Hwang, C., Lu, X., Chan, Y.-S., Ng, H., & Bourque, G. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.600 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
An expansive human regulatory lexicon encoded in transcription factor footprints
Neph, S. J., Vierstra, J. D., Stergachis, A. B., Reynolds, A. P., Haugen, E., Vernot, B., Thurman, R. E., John, S., Sandstrom, R. S., Johnson, A., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11212 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Melnikov, A., Murugan, A., Zhang, X., Tesileanu, T., Wang, L., Rogov, P., Feizi, S., Gnirke, A., Callan, C. G., Kinney, J. B., et al. (2012) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2137 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Self-citationEpigenetic reprogramming in cancer
Suvà, M. L., Riggi, N., & Bernstein, B. E. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1230184 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
A Single Oncogenic Enhancer Rearrangement Causes Concomitant EVI1 and GATA2 Deregulation in Leukemia
Gröschel, S., Sanders, M. A., Hoogenboezem, R., de Wit, E., Bouwman, B. A. M., Erpelinck, C., van der Velden, V. H. J., Havermans, M., Avellino, R., van Lom, K., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.019 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Evolution of the mammalian transcription factor binding repertoire via transposable elementsPreprint
Bourque, G., Leong, B., Vega, V. B., Chen, X., Lee, Y. L., Srinivasan, K. G., Chew, J.-L., Ruan, Y., Wei, C., Ng, H., et al. (2008) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.080663.108 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Unsupervised pattern discovery in human chromatin structure through genomic segmentation
Hoffman, M. M., Buske, O. J., Wang, J., Weng, Z., Bilmes, J., & Noble, W. S. (2012) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1937 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Genome-wide chromatin state transitions associated with developmental and environmental cues
Zhu, J., Adli, M., Zou, J., Verstappen, G., Coyne, M. J., Zhang, X.-L., Durham, T. J., Miri, M., Deshpande, V., Jager, P. D., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.12.033 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Self-citationMassively parallel functional dissection of mammalian enhancers in vivo
Patwardhan, R. P., Hiatt, J. B., Witten, D. M., Kim, M. J., Smith, R. P., May, D., Lee, C., Andrie, J. M., Lee, S.-I., Cooper, G. M., et al. (2012) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2136 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Integrative annotation of chromatin elements from ENCODE data
Hoffman, M. M., Ernst, J., Wilder, S. P., Kundaje, A. B., Harris, R. S., Libbrecht, M., Giardine, B. M., Ellenbogen, P. M., Bilmes, J. A., Birney, E., et al. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gks1284 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Self-citationPique-Regi, R., Degner, J. F., Pai, A. A., Gaffney, D. J., Gilad, Y., & Pritchard, J. K. (2011) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.112623.110 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Retroelements and the human genome: New perspectives on an old relation
Bannert, N., & Kurth, R. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0404838101 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Song, L., Zhang, Z., Grasfeder, L. L., Boyle, A. P., Giresi, P. G., Lee, B.-K., Sheffield, N. C., Gräf, S., Huss, M., Keefe, D., et al. (2011) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.121541.111 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Tewhey, R., Kotliar, D., Park, D. S., Liu, B., Winnicki, S., Reilly, S. K., Andersen, K. G., Mikkelsen, T. S., Lander, E. S., Schaffner, S. F., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.027 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Self-citationSystematic discovery and characterization of regulatory motifs in ENCODE TF binding experiments
Kheradpour, P., & Kellis, M. (2013) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1249 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Self-citationA method to predict the impact of regulatory variants from DNA sequence
Lee, D., Gorkin, D. U., Baker, M., Strober, B. J., Asoni, A. L., McCallion, A. S., & Beer, M. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3331 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Sherwood, R. I., Hashimoto, T., O'Donnell, C. W., Lewis, S., Barkal, A. A., van Hoff, J. P., Karun, V., Jaakkola, T., & Gifford, D. K. (2014) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2798 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Unsupervised pattern discovery in human chromatin structure through genomic segmentation
Hoffman, M. M., Buske, O. J., Wang, J., Weng, Z., Bilmes, J., & Noble, W. S. (2012) · eScholarship@UMassChan · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Functional genetic screens for enhancer elements in the human genome using CRISPR-Cas9
Korkmaz, G., Lopes, R., Ugalde, A. P., Nevedomskaya, E., Han, R., Myacheva, K., Zwart, W. T., Elkon, R., & Agami, R. (2016) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3450 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Wang, T., Zeng, J., Lowe, C. B., Sellers, R. G., Salama, S. R., Yang, M., Burgess, S. M., Brachmann, R. K., & Haussler, D. H. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0703637104 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
High-resolution analysis of DNA regulatory elements by synthetic saturation mutagenesis
Patwardhan, R. P., Lee, C., Litvin, O., Young, D. L., Pe'er, D., & Shendure, J. (2009) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1589 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Identifying novel constrained elements by exploiting biased substitution patterns
Garber, M., Guttman, M., Clamp, M., Zody, M. C., Friedman, N., & Xie, X. (2009) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp190 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Saturation editing of genomic regions by multiplex homology-directed repair
Findlay, G. M., Boyle, E. A., Hause, R. J., Klein, J. C., & Shendure, J. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13695 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Locus-specific editing of histone modifications at endogenous enhancers
Mendenhall, E. M., Williamson, K. E., Reyon, D., Zou, J., Ram, O., Joung, J. K., & Bernstein, B. (2013) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2701 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Systematic Functional Dissection of Common Genetic Variation Affecting Red Blood Cell Traits
Ulirsch, J. C., Nandakumar, S. K., Wang, L., Giani, F. C., Zhang, X., Rogov, P., Melnikov, A., McDonel, P., Do, R., Mikkelsen, T. S., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.048 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Self-citationLeProust, E. M., Peck, B. J., Spirin, K., McCuen, H. B., Moore, B., Namsaraev, E., & Caruthers, M. H. (2010) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkq163 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Kheradpour, P., Ernst, J., Melnikov, A., Rogov, P., Wang, L., Zhang, X., Alston, J., Mikkelsen, T. S., & Kellis, M. (2013) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.144899.112 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh-resolution genome-wide in vivo footprinting of diverse transcription factors in human cellsPreprint
Boyle, A. P., Song, L., Lee, B., London, D., Keefe, D., Birney, E., Iyer, V. R., Crawford, G. E., & Furey, T. S. (2010) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.112656.110 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Unsupervised pattern discovery in human chromatin structure through genomic segmentation
Hoffman, M. M., Buske, O. J., Wang, J., Weng, Z., Bilmes, J. A., & Noble, W. S. (2013) · ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, and Health Informatics (ACM-BCB) · doi:10.1145/2506583.2506701 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
High-throughput mapping of regulatory DNA
Rajagopal, N., Srinivasan, S., Kooshesh, K., Guo, Y., Edwards, M. D., Banerjee, B., Syed, T., Emons, B. J. M., Gifford, D. K., & Sherwood, R. I. (2016) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3468 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Complex effects of nucleotide variants in a mammalian cis -regulatory element
Kwasnieski, J. C., Mogno, I., Myers, C. A., Corbo, J. C., & Cohen, B. A. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1210678109 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
High-throughput functional testing of ENCODE segmentation predictions
Kwasnieski, J. C., Fiore, C., Chaudhari, H. G., & Cohen, B. A. (2014) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.173518.114 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
CRISPR Reveals a Distal Super-Enhancer Required for Sox2 Expression in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Li, Y., Rivera, C. M., Ishii, H., Jin, F., Selvaraj, S., Lee, A. Y., Dixon, J. R., & Ren, B. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114485 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
White, M. A., Myers, C. A., Corbo, J. C., & Cohen, B. A. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1307449110 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Piper, J., Elze, M. C., Cauchy, P., Cockerill, P. N., Bonifer, C., & Ott, S. (2013) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkt850 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Yoshida, S., Mears, A. J., Friedman, J. S., Carter, T., He, S., Oh, E. C. T., Jing, Y., Farjo, R. A., Fleury, G. A., Barlow, C., et al. (2004) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh160 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
High-throughput and quantitative assessment of enhancer activity in mammals by CapStarr-seq
Vanhille, L., Griffon, A., Maqbool, M. A., Zacarias-Cabeza, J., Dao, L. T. M., Fernandez, N., Ballester, B., Andrau, J. C., & Spicuglia, S. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7905 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
High-throughput functional comparison of promoter and enhancer activities
Nguyen, T. A., Jones, R. D., Snavely, A. R., Pfenning, A. R., Kirchner, R., Hemberg, M., & Gray, J. M. (2016) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.204834.116 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Functional footprinting of regulatory DNA
Vierstra, J., Reik, A., Chang, K.-H., Stehling-Sun, S., Zhou, Y., Hinkley, S. J., Paschon, D. E., Zhang, L., Psatha, N., Bendana, Y. R., et al. (2015) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3554 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Chromatin-wide Profiling of DYRK1A Reveals a Role as a Gene-Specific RNA Polymerase II CTD Kinase
Vona, C. D., Bezdan, D., Islam, A. B. M. M. K., Salichs, E., López-Bigas, N., Ossowski, S., & de la Luna, S. (2015) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2014.12.026 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Massively parallel cis-regulatory analysis in the mammalian central nervous systemPreprint
Shen, S. Q., Myers, C. A., Hughes, A. E. O., Byrne, L. C., Flannery, J. G., & Corbo, J. C. (2015) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.193789.115 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
A new class of temporarily phenotypic enhancers identified by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic screening
Diao, Y., Li, B., Meng, Z., Jung, I., Lee, A. Y., Dixon, J., Maliskova, L., Guan, K.-L., Shen, Y., & Ren, B. (2016) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.197152.115 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Sammons, M. A., Zhu, J., Drake, A. M., & Berger, S. L. (2014) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.181883.114 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Interplay between chromatin state, regulator binding, and regulatory motifs in six human cell typesPreprint
Ernst, J., & Kellis, M. (2013) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.144840.112 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationRaghav, S. K., Waszak, S. M., Krier, I., Gubelmann, C., Isakova, A., Mikkelsen, T. S., & Deplancke, B. (2012) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.03.017 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationMurtha, M. J., Keskin, Z. T., Tang, Z., Strino, F., Chen, X. X., Wang, Y., Xi, X., Basilico, C., Brown, S. M., Bonneau, R., et al. (2014) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2885 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Yang, Y., & Cvekl, A. (2016) · Einstein Journal of Biology and Medicine · doi:10.23861/ejbm20072347 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
ZBTB33 binds unmethylated regions of the genome associated with actively expressed genes
Blattler, A., Yao, L., Wang, Y., Ye, Z., Jin, V. X., & Farnham, P. J. (2013) · Epigenetics & Chromatin · doi:10.1186/1756-8935-6-13 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Function-based identification of mammalian enhancers using site-specific integration
Dickel, D. E., Zhu, Y., Nord, A. S., Wylie, J. N., Akiyama, J. A., Afzal, V., Plajzer-Frick, I., Kirkpatrick, A. M., Göttgens, B., Bruneau, B. G., et al. (2014) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2886 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Bickel, P. J., & Doksum, K. A. (2015) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/b18312 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Highly parallel assays of tissue-specific enhancers in whole Drosophila embryos
Gisselbrecht, S. S., Barrera, L. A., Porsch, M., Aboukhalil, A., Estep, P. W., Vedenko, A., Palagi, A., Kim, Y., Zhu, X., Busser, B. W., et al. (2013) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2558 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Watts, J. A., Zhang, C., Klein–Szanto, A. J., Kormish, J. D., Fu, J., Zhang, M. Q., & Zaret, K. S. (2011) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002277 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Massively Parallel Reporter Assays in Cultured Mammalian Cells
Melnikov, A., Zhang, X., Rogov, P., Wang, L., & Mikkelsen, T. S. (2014) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/51719 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationDesign optimization methods for genomic DNA tiling arraysPreprint
Bertone, P., Trifonov, V., Rozowsky, J. S., Schubert, F., Emanuelsson, O., Karro, J. E., Kao, M., Snyder, M. P., & Gerstein, M. (2005) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.4452906 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Mikuła, M., Gaj, P., Dzwonek, K., Rubel, T., Karczmarski, J., Paziewska, A., Dzwonek, A., Brągoszewski, P., Dadlez, M., & Ostrowski, J. (2010) · DNA Research · doi:10.1093/dnares/dsq016 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hu, J., Navas, P. A., Cao, H., Stamatoyannopoulos, G., & Song, C.-Z. (2006) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.12.047 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Eichner, J., Zeller, G., Laubinger, S., & Rätsch, G. (2011) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-12-55 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Computational Identification of Active Enhancers in Model Organisms
Wang, C.-Q., Zhang, M. Q., & Zhang, Z.-H. (2013) · Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics · doi:10.1016/j.gpb.2013.04.002 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
RNA global alignment in the joint sequence–structure space using elastic shape analysis
Laborde, J., Robinson, D., Srivastava, A., Klassen, E. P., & Zhang, J. (2013) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkt187 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 80 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Human Transcription Factors
Lambert, S. A., Jolma, A., Campitelli, L. F., Das, P. K., Yin, Y., Albu, M., Chen, X., Taipale, J., Hughes, T. R., & Weirauch, M. T. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.029 · Cited by 3,399 · see citing works
Chromatin-state discovery and genome annotation with ChromHMM
Ernst, J., & Kellis, M. (2017) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2017.124 · Cited by 918 · see citing works
Self-citationLinear models enable powerful differential activity analysis in massively parallel reporter assays
Myint, L., Avramopoulos, D., Goff, L., & Hansen, K. (2017) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-019-5556-x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Extreme Polygenicity of Complex Traits Is Explained by Negative Selection
O'Connor, L. J., Schoech, A. P., Hormozdiari, F., Gazal, S., Patterson, N., & Price, A. L. (2019) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.07.003 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Esposito, D., Weile, J., Shendure, J., Starita, L. M., Papenfuss, A. T., Roth, F. P., Fowler, D. M., & Rubin, A. F. (2019) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-019-1845-6 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Methods and Applications of CRISPR-Mediated Base Editing in Eukaryotic Genomes
Hess, G. T., Tycko, J., Yao, D., & Bassik, M. C. (2017) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.029 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Functional Dissection of the Enhancer Repertoire in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Barakat, T. S., Halbritter, F., Zhang, M., Rendeiro, A. F., Perenthaler, E., Bock, C., & Chambers, I. (2018) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2018.06.014 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Wang, X., He, L., Goggin, S. M., Saadat, A., Wang, L., Sinnott-Armstrong, N., Claussnitzer, M., & Kellis, M. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07746-1 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationMultiple causal variants underlie genetic associations in humans
Abell, N. S., DeGorter, M. K., Gloudemans, M. J., Greenwald, E., Smith, K. S., He, Z., & Montgomery, S. B. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abj5117 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Genetic variant effects on gene expression in human pancreatic islets and their implications for T2D
Viñuela, A., Varshney, A., van de Bunt, M., Prasad, R. B., Asplund, O., Bennett, A., Boehnke, M., Brown, A. A., Erdos, M. R., Fadista, J., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18581-8 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Massively parallel characterization of transcriptional regulatory elements
Agarwal, V., Inoue, F., Schubach, M., Penzar, D., Martin, B. K., Dash, P. M., Keukeleire, P., Zhang, Z., Sohota, A., Zhao, J., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08430-9 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Uyehara, C. M., & Apostolou, E. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112068 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Machine-guided design of cell-type-targeting cis-regulatory elements
Gosai, S. J., Castro, R. I., Fuentes, N., Butts, J. C., Mouri, K., Alasoadura, M., Kales, S., Nguyen, T. T. L., Noche, R. R., Rao, A. S., et al. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08070-z · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Functional regulatory variants implicate distinct transcriptional networks in dementia
Cooper, Y. A., Teyssier, N., Dräger, N. M., Guo, Q., Davis, J. E., Sattler, S. M., Yang, Z., Patel, A. M., Wu, S. J., Kosuri, S., et al. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abi8654 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
High‐throughput identification of RNA nuclear enrichment sequences
Shukla, C. J., McCorkindale, A. L., Gerhardinger, C., Korthauer, K. D., Cabili, M. N., Shechner, D. M., Irizarry, R. A., Maass, P. G., & Rinn, J. L. (2018) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201798452 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Systematic interrogation of human promoters
Weingarten-Gabbay, S., Nir, R., Lubliner, S., Sharon, E., Kalma, Y., Weinberger, A., & Segal, E. (2019) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.236075.118 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“A growing number of studies employ MPRAs to decipher gene expression regulation at the levels of transcription, translation, and mRNA stability (Zhao et al. 2014; Shalem et al. 2015; Ernst et al. 2016; Tewhey et al. 2016; Ulirsch et al. 2016; Weingarten-Gabbay et al. 2016).”
Linder, J., Bogard, N., Rosenberg, A. B., & Seelig, G. (2020) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2020.05.007 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Levchenko, А., Kanapin, A. A., Samsonova, A. A., & Gainetdinov, R. R. (2017) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evx240 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Movva, R., Greenside, P., Marinov, G. K., Nair, S., Shrikumar, A., & Kundaje, A. B. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218073 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
BANP opens chromatin and activates CpG-island-regulated genes
Grand, R. S., Burger, L., Gräwe, C., Michael, A. K., Isbel, L., Heß, D., Hoerner, L., Iešmantavičius, V., Durdu, S., Pregnolato, M., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03689-8 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Deep flanking sequence engineering for efficient promoter design using DeepSEED
Zhang, P., Wang, H., Xu, H., Wei, L., Liu, L., Hu, Z., & Wang, X. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41899-y · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Li, Y., Liang, J. H., Ozer, A., Leung, A. K.-Y., Lis, J. T., & Yu, H. (2022) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-022-01211-7 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Zhang, X.-O., Gingeras, T., & Weng, Z. (2019) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.249789.119 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, D., Petrykowska, H. M., Miller, B., Elnitski, L. L., & Ovcharenko, I. (2019) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.247007.118 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Bravo González-Blas, C., Matetovici, I., Hillen, H., Taskiran, I. I., Vandepoel, R., Christiaens, V., Sansores-García, L., Verboven, E., Hulselmans, G., Poovathingal, S., et al. (2024) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-023-01316-4 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“For this latter subset, we included both the human and the corresponding mouse sequences 60,91,92 .”
Scalable Functional Assays for the Interpretation of Human Genetic Variation
Tabet, D. R., Parikh, V. N., Mali, P., Roth, F. P., & Claussnitzer, M. (2022) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-072920-032107 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Widespread Enhancer Activity from Core Promoters
Medina-Rivera, A., Santiago-Algarra, D., Puthier, D., & Spicuglia, S. (2018) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2018.03.004 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Perenthaler, E., Yousefi, S., Niggl, E., & Barakat, T. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00352 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Benton, M. L., Talipineni, S. C., Kostka, D., & Capra, J. A. (2019) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-019-5779-x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Transcriptional regulation by promoters with enhancer function
Dao, L. T. M., & Spicuglia, S. (2018) · Transcription · doi:10.1080/21541264.2018.1486150 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Detecting genome-wide directional effects of transcription factor binding on polygenic disease risk
Reshef, Y. A., Finucane, H. K., Kelley, D. R., Gusev, A., Kotliar, D., Ulirsch, J. C., Hormozdiari, F., Nasser, J., O’Connor, L., van de Geijn, B., et al. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0196-7 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Fast activation maximization for molecular sequence design
Linder, J., & Seelig, G. (2021) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/s12859-021-04437-5 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Hoffman, G. E., Bendl, J. M., Girdhar, K., Schadt, E. E., & Roussos, P. (2019) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkz808 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cis and trans effects differentially contribute to the evolution of promoters and enhancers
Mattioli, K., Oliveros, W., Gerhardinger, C., Andergassen, D., Maass, P., Rinn, J., & Melé, M. (2020) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-020-02110-3 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Bidirectional transcription initiation marks accessible chromatin and is not specific to enhancers
Young, R. S., Kumar, Y., Bickmore, W. A., & Taylor, M. S. (2017) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1379-8 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
ENdb: a manually curated database of experimentally supported enhancers for human and mouse
Bai, X., Shi, S., Ai, B., Jiang, Y., Liu, Y., Han, X., Xu, M., Pan, Q., Wang, F., Wang, Q., et al. (2019) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkz973 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Leveraging massively parallel reporter assays for evolutionary questions
Romero, I. G., & Lea, A. J. (2023) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-023-02856-6 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Enhancer–silencer transitions in the human genomePreprint
Huang, D., & Ovcharenko, I. (2022) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.275992.121 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Recent advances in high-throughput approaches to dissect enhancer function
Santiago‐Algarra, D., Dao, L. T. M., Pradel, L. C., España, A. P., & Spicuglia, S. (2017) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.11581.1 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Massively parallel techniques for cataloguing the regulome of the human brain
Townsley, K. G., Brennand, K., & Huckins, L. M. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-00740-1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Castaldi, P. J., Guo, F., Qiao, D., Du, F., Naing, Z. Z. C., Li, Y., Pham, B., Mikkelsen, T. S., Cho, M. H., Silverman, E. K., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201802-0337oc · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationLalanne, J., Regalado, S. G., Domcke, S., Calderon, D., Martin, B., Li, X., Li, T., Suiter, C. C., Lee, C., Trapnell, C., et al. (2024) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-024-02260-3 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Glinsky, G. V., & Barakat, T. S. (2019) · Stem Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.scr.2019.101456 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Genetic Marker Discovery in Complex Traits: A Field Example on Fat Content and Composition in Pigs
Pena, R. N., Ros‐Freixedes, R., Tör, M., & Estany, J. (2016) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms17122100 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Resolving mechanisms of immune‐mediated disease in primary CD4 T cells
Bourges, C., Groff, A. F., Burren, O. S., Gerhardinger, C., Mattioli, K., Hutchinson, A., Hu, T. X., Anand, T., Epping, M. W., Wallace, C., et al. (2020) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.202012112 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Enhancers in the Peril lincRNA locus regulate distant but not local genes
Groff, A., Barutcu, A. R., Lewandowski, J. P., & Rinn, J. L. (2018) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-018-1589-8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Cis-regulatory landscapes of four cell types of the retina
Hartl, D., Krebs, A. R., Jüttner, J., Roska, B., & Schübeler, D. (2017) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkx923 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Algorithm for cellular reprogramming
Ronquist, S., Patterson, G., Muir, L. A., Lindsly, S., Chen, H., Brown, M. A., Wicha, M. S., Bloch, A. M., Brockett, R. W., & Rajapakse, I. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1712350114 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Mulvey, B., Lagunas, T., & Dougherty, J. D. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.011 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cell cycle–dependent localization of the proteasome to chromatin
Kito, Y., Matsumoto, M., Hatano, A., Takami, T., Oshikawa, K., Matsumoto, A., & Nakayama, K. I. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62697-2 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Chen, P.-S. B., Fiaux, P. C., Zhang, K., Li, B., Kubo, N., Jiang, S., Hu, R., Rooholfada, E., Wu, S.-H., Wang, M.-C., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111630 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Functional mapping of androgen receptor enhancer activity
Huang, C.-C. F., Lingadahalli, S., Morova, T., Özturan, D., Hu, E., Yu, I. P. L., Linder, S., Hoogstraat, M., Stelloo, S., Sar, F., et al. (2021) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-021-02339-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Davis, J. E., Insigne, K. D., Jones, E. M., Hastings, Q. B., Boldridge, W. C., & Kosuri, S. (2020) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2020.05.011 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Yin, C., Castillo-Hair, S. M., Byeon, G. W., Bromley, P., Meuleman, W. R. A., & Seelig, G. (2025) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2025.101302 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Cis-acting super-enhancer lncRNAs as biomarkers to early-stage breast cancer
Ropri, A. S., DeVaux, R. S., Eng, J., Chittur, S. V., & Herschkowitz, J. I. (2021) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13058-021-01479-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Identifying Novel Enhancer Elements with CRISPR-Based Screens
Klein, J. C., Chen, W., Gasperini, M. J., & Shendure, J. (2018) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.7b00778 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Analysis of long and short enhancers in melanoma cell states
Mauduit, D., Minnoye, L., Taskiran, I. I., Waegeneer, M. D., Christiaens, V., Hulselmans, G., Demeulemeester, J., Wouters, J., & Aerts, S. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.71735 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Regulatory dissection of the severe COVID-19 risk locus introgressed by Neanderthals
Jagoda, E., Marnetto, D., Senevirathne, G., Gonzalez, V., Baid, K., Montinaro, F., Richard, D. J., Falzarano, D., LeBlanc, E. V., Colpitts, C. C., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.71235 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Transcriptional enhancers: from prediction to functional assessment on a genome-wide scale
Tobias, I. C., Abatti, L. E., Moorthy, S. D., Mullany, S., Taylor, T., Khader, N., Filice, M., & Mitchell, J. A. (2020) · Genome · doi:10.1139/gen-2020-0104 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Next steps in the identification of gene targets for type 1 diabetes
Grant, S. F. A., Wells, A. D., & Rich, S. S. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05248-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Machine-guided design of synthetic cell type-specific cis -regulatory elementsPreprint
Gosai, S. J., Castro, R. I., Fuentes, N., Butts, J. C., Kales, S., Noche, R. R., Mouri, K., Sabeti, P. C., Reilly, S. K., & Tewhey, R. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.08.08.552077 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Brown, A. R., Fox, G. A., Kaplow, I. M., Lawler, A. J., Phan, B. N., Gadey, L., Wirthlin, M. E., Ramamurthy, E., May, G. E., Chen, Z., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2025.1533900 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Colbran, L. L., Chen, L., & Capra, J. A. (2019) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.118.301895 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Farrell, C. M., Goldfarb, T., Rangwala, S. H., Astashyn, A., Ermolaeva, O. D., Hem, V., Katz, K., Kodali, V. K., Ludwig, F., Wallin, C., et al. (2021) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.275819.121 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Using Human Genetics to Drive Drug Discovery: A Perspective
Fox, C. S. (2019) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.12.045 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mouri, K., Dewey, H. B., Castro, R., Berenzy, D., Kales, S., & Tewhey, R. (2022) · Cell Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100234 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Morova, T., Ding, Y., Huang, C.-C. F., Sar, F., Schwarz, T., Giambartolomei, C., Baca, S. C., Grishin, D., Hach, F., Gusev, A., et al. (2022) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkac1198 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Short tandem repeats are important contributors to silencer elements in T cells
Hussain, S., Sadouni, N., van Essen, D., Dao, L. T. M., Ferré, Q., Charbonnier, G., Torres, M., Gallardo, F., Lecellier, C., Sexton, T., et al. (2023) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkad187 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Modeling and designing enhancers by introducing and harnessing transcription factor binding units
Li, J., Zhang, P., Xi, X., Liu, L., Wei, L., & Wang, X. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56749-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Epromoters are new players in the regulatory landscape with potential pleiotropic roles
Malfait, J., Wan, J., & Spicuglia, S. (2023) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.202300012 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Functional characterization of enhancer activity during a long terminal repeat's evolutionPreprint
Du, A. Y., Zhuo, X., Sundaram, V., Jensen, N. O., Chaudhari, H. G., Saccone, N. L., Cohen, B. A., & Wang, T. (2022) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.276863.122 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Dynamic neuro-immune regulation of psychiatric risk loci in human neurons
Townsley, K. G., Lee, S. H., Williams, S., Cartwright, S., Cohen, S., Sen, A., Jia, M., Young, H. E., Dobbyn, L., Deans, M., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-77114-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Dissecting intercellular and intracellular signaling networks with barcoded genetic tools
Herholt, A., Sahoo, V. K., Popović, L., Wehr, M. C., & Rossner, M. J. (2021) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.09.002 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Trans MPRA: A framework for assaying the role of many trans -acting factors at many enhancersPreprint
Calderon, D., Ellis, A., Daza, R. M., Martin, B., Tome, J. M., Chen, W., Chardon, F. M., Leith, A., Lee, C., Trapnell, C., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.09.30.321323 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Strategies for effectively modelling promoter-driven gene expression using transfer learningPreprint
Reddy, A. J., Herschl, M. H., Geng, X., Kolli, S., Lu, A. X., Kumar, A., Hsu, P. D., Levine, S., & Ioannidis, N. M. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.529941 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ding, J., Frantzeskos, A., & Orozco, G. (2021) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-021-00887-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Pratt, B. M., & Won, H. (2021) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.013 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Polygenicity of complex traits is explained by negative selectionPreprint
O’Connor, L. J., Schoech, A. P., Hormozdiari, F., Gazal, S., Patterson, N. J., & Price, A. L. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/420497 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Li, S., Kvon, E. Z., Visel, A., Pennacchio, L. A., & Ovcharenko, I. (2019) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-019-1750-z · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wamsley, B., & Geschwind, D. H. (2020) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.032 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A Transcription Start Site Map in Human Pancreatic Islets Reveals Functional Regulatory Signatures
Varshney, A., Kyono, Y., Elangovan, V. R., Wang, C., Erdos, M. R., Narisu, N., Albanus, R. D., Orchard, P., Stitzel, M. L., Collins, F. S., et al. (2021) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db20-1087 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Genomic annotation of disease-associated variants reveals shared functional contexts
Kyono, Y., Kitzman, J. O., & Parker, S. C. J. (2019) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-4823-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Strategies for activity analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human diseases
Ren, N., Dai, S., Ma, S., & Yang, F. (2022) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/cge.14282 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Multiplexed functional genomic assays to decipher the noncoding genome
Cooper, Y. A., Guo, Q., & Geschwind, D. H. (2022) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddac194 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
SERPINA1 modulates expression of amyloidogenic transthyretin
Niemietz, C., Bezerra, F., Almeida, M. R., Guo, S., Monia, B. P., Saraiva, M. J., Schütz, P., Schmidt, H., & Zibert, A. (2020) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112217 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Quan, L., Mei, J., He, R., Sun, X., Nie, L., Li, K., & Lyu, Q. (2021) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2021.3058518 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Predicting Transcriptional Regulatory Activities with Deep Convolutional NetworksPreprint
Paggi, J., Lamb, A., Tian, K., Hsu, I., Cedoz, P.-L., & Kawthekar, P. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/099879 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Extensive binding of nebulous human transcription factors to genomic dark matterPreprint
Razavi, R., Fathi, A., Yellan, I., Brechalov, A. V., Laverty, K. U., Jolma, A., Hernández-Corchado, A., Zheng, H., Yang, A. W. H., Albu, M., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.11.11.622123 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Translation of genome-wide association study: from genomic signals to biological insights
Bruner, W. S., & Grant, S. F. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2024.1375481 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Functional assays for transcription mechanisms in high-throughput
Qiu, C., & Kaplan, C. D. (2019) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.02.017 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sequence-based correction of barcode bias in massively parallel reporter assaysPreprint
Lee, D., Kapoor, A., Lee, C., Mudgett, M., Beer, M., & Chakravarti, A. (2021) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.268599.120 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Function and Constraint in Enhancer Sequences with Multiple Evolutionary Origins
Fong, S., & Capra, J. A. (2022) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evac159 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Chinnam, N. B., Thapar, R., Arvai, A., Sarker, A. H., Soll, J. M., Paul, T., Syed, A., Rosenberg, D. J., Hammel, M., Bacolla, A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107368 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Uvarova, A. N., Ткаченко, Е. А., Stasevich, E. M., Zheremyan, E. A., Korneev, K. V., & Kuprash, D. V. (2024) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297924060026 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
funMotifs: Tissue-specific transcription factor motifsPreprint
Umer, H. M., Garbulowska, K. S., Marzouka, N., Khaliq, Z., Wadelius, C., & Komorowski, J. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/683722 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Párraga, A. A., Nylund, P., Diamanti, K., Garrido-Zabala, B., Tziola, S. I., Vasquez, L. J., Pyl, P. T., Raykova, D., Skaftason, A., Ma, A., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-17093-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Leung, A. K.-Y., Zhu, Y., Yao, L., Willis, A., Pan, X., Ozer, A., Zhou, Z., Siklenka, K., Barrera, A., et al. (2025) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-025-03828-8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The contribution of silencer variants to human diseases
Huang, D., & Ovcharenko, I. (2024) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-024-03328-1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Functional annotation of noncoding mutations in cancer
Umer, H. M., Smolińska, K., Komorowski, J., & Wadelius, C. (2021) · Life Science Alliance · doi:10.26508/lsa.201900523 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Patel, Z. M., & Hughes, T. (2021) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-021-02503-y · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ernst, J., Melnikov, A., Zhang, X., Wang, L., Rogov, P., Mikkelsen, T. S., & Kellis, M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ernst, Jason
- Kellis, Manolis
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2016-10-03
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1180-1190
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- PMC
- PMC5125825
- OpenAlex
- W2529467427
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 6.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- PMC
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Institute on Aging (RF1AG054012)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH109978, U01MH105578)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (U41HG007000, U01HG007610, U01HG007912, R01HG008155, U54HG006991, R01HG004037, U01HG009088, R01HG006785)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM113708)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES024995)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
- Keywords
- massively parallel reporter assay, enhancers, transcriptional regulation, regulatory motifs, probabilistic graphical models, chromatin accessibility, retroviral elements, active chromatin
- MeSH terms
- Chromosome Mapping, Humans, Nucleotides, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Genome, Human, Conserved Sequence, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Epigenetic Repression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review