The intestinal microbiota determines the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers targeting PD-1/PD-L1
Open accessAbstract
Cancer immunotherapists have been searching for biomarkers predicting patient responses to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in neoplastic cells as well as in the immune system. Now, accumulating evidence indicates that the composition of the intestinal microflora has a major impact on patient prognosis. Here, we enumerate the bacterial species that are associated with favorable outcome of immunotherapy.
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Intestinal dysbiosis, broadly defined as an imbalance in the composition or function of the gut microbiota, is a significant contributor to resistance against immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies.
“Intestinal dysbiosis, broadly defined as an imbalance in the composition or function of the gut microbiota, is a significant contributor to resistance against immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies.1–16,”
From Gut dysbiosis in oncology: a risk factor for immunoresistance (2026) · cites this paper as [2]
Antibiotics (except vancomycin), proton pump inhibitors, and probiotics may alter the taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiota, resulting in resistance to immunotherapy.
“Of note, antibiotics (except vancomycin),4”
From Custom scoring based on ecological topology of gut microbiota associated with cancer immunotherapy outcome (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
Anti-PD-1 efficacy can be restored in mice that received fecal microbiota transplantation from nonresponders by supplementing them with specific bacterial species associated with favorable responses, such as Akkermansia muciniphila.
“Additionally, researchers have shown that anti-PD-1 efficacy can be restored in mice that received FMT from nonresponders by supplementing them with specific bacterial species associated with favorable responses, such as A. muciniphila (Derosa et al., 2018; Routy et al., 2018a).”
From Microbiota-centered interventions to boost immune checkpoint blockade therapies (2025) · cites this paper as Derosa et al., 2018
Antibiotic use before immune checkpoint blockade treatment was associated with decreased progression-free survival in patients with advanced melanoma.
“For instance, one study found that antibiotic use before ICB treatment was associated with decreased progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced melanoma (Derosa et al., 2018).”
From Microbiota-centered interventions to boost immune checkpoint blockade therapies (2025) · cites this paper as Derosa et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Derosa, L., Routy, B., Kroemer, G., & Zitvogel, L.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Kroemer, Guido
- Zitvogel, Laurence
- Venue
- OncoImmunology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-04-18
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e1434468-e1434468
- ISSN
- 2162-4011 (ISSN-L)
- 2162-402X
- PMC
- PMC5980343
- OpenAlex
- W2795354240
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 4.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- OncoImmunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer
- Fondation Philanthropia
- E-Rare
- European Commission
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Fondation Leducq
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Ligue Contre le Cancer
- Institut Universitaire de France
- Institut National Du Cancer
- Institut Gustave-Roussy
- Labex Immuno-Oncology
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Cancer Research and Treatments
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, immune checkpoint inhibitors, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, cancer immunotherapy, predictive biomarkers, treatment response, bacterial species, gut microbiota composition, prognosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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