The DOI matches its Crossref record; 144 of the 144 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Morphology of Marronage
Abstract
A number of texts have addressed desires for and iterations of freedom throughout the Black diaspora. Although conceptualizations of freedom are often employed and interrogated in critical scholarship, less attention is given to the landscapes onto which politics are performed. This article draws from scholarship in Black and Ethnic Studies along with Geography to argue that the ability of select fugitive groups to obtain forms of spatial autonomy is reliant on their ability to seek, find, and settle within difficult and seemingly uninhabitable landscapes. Using marronage as a conceptual tool, I posit that quests for freedom through fugitivity have often relied on the topographic and geomorphologic traits of natural environments. To illustrate marronage as a landscape of political possibility, I close with examples from the United States, Mexico, and Vietnam to demonstrate how across time and space, devalued landscapes have serviced subterfuge and provided sustenance for long-suffering communities. Key Words: geomorphology, landscape, marronage, uneven geographical development, value.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
A Brief History of Neoliberalism
Harvey, D. (2005) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199283262.001.0001 · Cited by 16,394
Swyngedouw, E. A., & Lefebvre, H. (1992) · Economic Geography · doi:10.2307/144191 · Cited by 9,667
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.31-4888 · Cited by 9,298
A Brief History of Neoliberalism
Harvey, D. B. (2020) · Pluto Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv17ppcd0.8 · Cited by 9,089
Bennett, J. F. (2010) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822391623 · Cited by 8,635
Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed
Fukuyama, F., & Scott, J. C. (1998) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20048980 · Cited by 8,418
Crawford, T. (1994) · Configurations · doi:10.1353/con.1994.0041 · Cited by 7,931
Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition
Robinson, C. J. (1985) · Labour / Le Travail · doi:10.2307/25142575 · Cited by 5,171
Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things
Bennett, J. F. (2010) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 4,189
Coulthard, G. S., & Alfred, T. (2010) · University of Minnesota Press eBooks · doi:10.5749/9781452942421 · Cited by 4,119
Research works printed but not linked: 39
- Akuno K., 2014, The Jackson-Kush plan: A struggle for Black self determination and economic democracy
- Bermingham A., 1994, Imperial landscapes, 77
- Bledsoe A., 2015, ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 14, 324
- Cabral A., 1979, Unity and struggle: Selected writings
- Celcelski D., 2012, The fires of freedom: Abraham Galloway and the slaves’ civil war
- Cosgrove D., 2004, German Historical Institute Newsletter, 35, 57
- Davis A. Y., 2016, Freedom is a constant struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the foundation of a movement
- Ejstrud B., 2008, Journal of Caribbean Archaeology, 8, 1
- EZLN, 2016, Critical thought in the face of the capitalist hydra I: Contributions by the sixth commission of the EZLN
- Fields G., 2011, Historical Geography, 39, 182
- Haraway D., 1990, Feminism/ostmodernism, 190
- Harley J. B., 1988, The iconography of landscape: Essays on symbolic representation, design, and use of past environments, 277
- Hartman S., 2007, Lose your mother: A journey along the Atlantics slave route
- Harvey D., 2001, Geographische Revue, 2, 23
- Harvey D., 2004, Socialist Register, 40, 63
- Haywood H., 1948, Negro liberation
- Kelley R., 2002, Freedom dreams: The Black radical tradition
- Krishnan S., 2015, Unruly environments
- Livingstone D. N., 1992, The geographical tradition
- Lockley T., 2012, The South Carolina Historical Magazine, 113, 125
- Mangold T., 1985, The tunnels of Cu Chi
- 10.2307/1854690 · DOI
- Mitchell W. J.T., 1994, Landscape and power, 5
- Nag S., 2015, Unruly environments, 25
- Newton H. P., 1973, Revolutionary suicide
- Norton H. K., 2007, Journal of Caribbean Archaeology, 7, 1
- Obadele I. A., 1970, Revolution and nation-building: A strategy for building the Black Nation in America
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056036.001.0001 · DOI
- Reinert H., 2018, ACME, 17, 597
- Said E., 1979, Orientalism
- Sauer C., 1981, Selected essays 1963–1975
- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, 1963, The state of the Mississippi negro
- Sutter P., 2015, Unruly environments, 19
- Temple S., 2015, Unruly environments, 11
- Wade R. C., 1964, Slavery in the cities
- Wilderson F. B., 2003, Social Justice, 30, 18
- Wilderson F. B., 2014, “We’re trying to destroy the world”: Anti-Blackness & police violence after Ferguson
- Wright W. J., 2018, Antipode, 1
- Wynter S., 1971, Savacou, 1, 95
Cited by
Sorted by citations
On Abolition Ecologies and Making “Freedom as a Place”
Heynen, N., & Ybarra, M. (2021) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.12666 · Cited by 204
Good Sediment: Race and Restoration in Coastal Louisiana
Barra, M. P. (2020) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2020.1766411 · Cited by 82
Have Confidence in the Sea: Maritime Maroons and Fugitive Geographies
Dunnavant, J. P. (2021) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.12695 · Cited by 76
“A plantation can be a commons”: Re‐Earthing Sapelo Island through Abolition Ecology
Heynen, N. (2020) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.12631 · Cited by 72
Winston, C. (2021) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2021.1894087 · Cited by 69
Gross-Wyrtzen, L., & Moulton, A. A. (2023) · ACME · doi:10.7202/1107308ar · Cited by 61
Cotton, Whiteness, and Other Poisons
Williams, B., & Porter, J. M. (2022) · Environmental Humanities · doi:10.1215/22011919-9962827 · Cited by 53
Watkins, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778893 · Cited by 46
Curley, A., & Smith, S. H. (2023) · Environment and Planning E Nature and Space · doi:10.1177/25148486231173865 · Cited by 48
The history of natural history and race: Decolonizing human dimensions of ecology
Miriti, M. N., Rawson, A. J., & Mansfield, B. (2022) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1002/eap.2748 · Cited by 44
Methodological reflections on geographies of blackness
Bledsoe, A. (2021) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/0309132520985123 · Cited by 40
Moulton, A. A. (2022) · Environment and Planning E Nature and Space · doi:10.1177/25148486221103757 · Cited by 36
Racial Capital, Abolition, and a Geographic Argument for Reparations
Inwood, J. F. J., Brand, A. L., & Quinn, E. (2020) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.12704 · Cited by 34
Powering racial capitalism: Electricity, rate-making, and the uneven energy geographies of Atlanta
Luke, N. (2021) · Environment and Planning E Nature and Space · doi:10.1177/25148486211016736 · Cited by 32
Black Towns and (Legal) Marronage
Purifoy, D. (2023) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2022.2158062 · Cited by 30
Dillon, L. (2021) · Environment and Planning D Society and Space · doi:10.1177/02637758211026317 · Cited by 29
Blue planet, Black lives: Matter, memory, and the temporalities of political geography
Steinberg, P. E. (2021) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2021.102524 · Cited by 27
Afro-Latin American geographies of in-betweenness: Colonial marronage in Colombia
Zavala Guillen, A. L. (2021) · Journal of Historical Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2021.02.002 · Cited by 35
Toward “Total Freedom”: Black Ecologies of Land, Labor, and Livelihoods in the Mississippi Delta
Freshour, C., & Williams, B. (2022) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2022.2103501 · Cited by 26
On Swampification: Black Ecologies, Moral Geographies, and Racialized Swampland Destruction
Vickers, M. P. (2022) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2022.2137455 · Cited by 25
An Arkansas Parable for the Anthropocene
Gandy, M. (2021) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2021.1935692 · Cited by 24
Desirable futures: Time as possibility, practice, politics
Gergan, M. D., Gupta, P., Lookabaugh, L., McMillan, C., Serrano, C., Smith, S. H., & Vasudevan, P. (2024) · Environment and Planning D Society and Space · doi:10.1177/02637758241234423 · Cited by 17
Landscape semaphore: Seeing mud and mangroves in the Brazilian Northeast
Davies, A. (2021) · Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers · doi:10.1111/tran.12449 · Cited by 17
Sweet, E. L., & Harper-Anderson, E. L. (2023) · Journal of the American Planning Association · doi:10.1080/01944363.2023.2165530 · Cited by 16
Mobile Commoning: Reclaiming Indigenous, Caribbean, Maroon, and Migrant Commons
Sheller, M. (2023) · Praktyka Teoretyczna · doi:10.19195/prt.2022.4.2 · Cited by 15
Grove, K. J., & RICKARDS, L. A. (2022) · Environment and Planning F · doi:10.1177/26349825221082166 · Cited by 15
Capture land as abolition geography: The mutuality of placemaking and flight
Goffe, R. (2024) · Environment and Planning D Society and Space · doi:10.1177/02637758241233899 · Cited by 13
“D.C. is mambo sauce”: Black cultural production in a gentrifying city
Reese, A. M. (2020) · Human Geography · doi:10.1177/1942778620962046 · Cited by 13
Cultural geographies II: In the critical zone? – Environments, landscapes and life
Hawkins, H. (2023) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/03091325231152945 · Cited by 13
Counter-Mapping Maroon Cartographies: GIS and Anticolonial Modeling in St. Croix
Dunnavant, J. P., Wernke, S. A., & Kohut, L. E. (2023) · ACME · doi:10.7202/1107310ar · Cited by 12
Kelley, E. (2023) · ACME · doi:10.7202/1107313ar · Cited by 12
Introduction: Uneven development and social difference in capitalism
Omstedt, M., & Ebner, N. (2024) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1177/0308518x241249555 · Cited by 12
Plantation pasts, plantation futures: resisting zombie water infrastructures in Maui, Hawai’i
Kay, K., Knudson, C., & Cantor, A. (2023) · The Journal of Peasant Studies · doi:10.1080/03066150.2023.2185140 · Cited by 12
Watkins, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778893.005 · Cited by 11
Praxis of the undercommons: rupturing university conviviality and coded formations of diversity
Rashid, M., Scherrer, B. D., Carter, C., McIntee, K., Jean-Denis, A. S., Correa, O., & Jocson, K. M. (2023) · Globalisation Societies and Education · doi:10.1080/14767724.2023.2190876 · Cited by 11
Urban oceans: Social differentiation in the city and the sea
Rodenbiker, J. (2022) · Environment and Planning E Nature and Space · doi:10.1177/25148486221078690 · Cited by 11
Sweet, E. L. (2021) · Journal of Race Ethnicity and the City · doi:10.1080/26884674.2021.1877581 · Cited by 11
Wright, W. J., Bledsoe, A., Ferreira, P., Maye, K., & Louis, E. (2024) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2024.2309172 · Cited by 10
Self-citationSanctuary Space, Racialized Violence, and Memories of Resistance
Mitchell, K., & MacFarlane, K. (2022) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2022.2060792 · Cited by 10
Black ecological relations and methodologies
Bruno, T. (2024) · Progress in Environmental Geography · doi:10.1177/27539687241269334 · Cited by 9
Unfixing Space: Toward Anti-Caste Philosophies of Nature
Crowley, T. J. (2022) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2022.2132907 · Cited by 9
What does capital consume? Racial capitalism and the social reproduction of surplus people
Goffe, R., & Luke, N. (2024) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1177/0308518x241251671 · Cited by 8
“I am Sapelo”: Racialized uneven development and land politics within the Gullah Geechee Corridor
Hardy, D., & Heynen, N. (2021) · Environment and Planning E Nature and Space · doi:10.1177/2514848620987366 · Cited by 8
“Humanistic” City in the Age of “Capitalocene”
Jon, I., Guma, P. K., & Simone, A. (2023) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2023.2239893 · Cited by 7
Crisis in the Tar Sands: Fossil Capitalism and the Future of the Alberta Hydrocarbon Economy
McCreary, T. (2021) · Historical Materialism · doi:10.1163/1569206x-12341971 · Cited by 6
Unruly River and Plantation Logics
Curley, A., & Smith, S. H. (2023) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2023.2266014 · Cited by 6
No name in the street: Unknowability, Black women, and missing geographies
Mallory, A. (2023) · Environment and Planning D Society and Space · doi:10.1177/02637758231206899 · Cited by 6
Williams, T., Keeve, C. B., Watkins, C., Williams, B., Sant, L. V., Moulton, A. A., & Carney, J. (2025) · Dialogues in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/20438206251364964 · Cited by 5
Polsky, S. (2022) · Punctum Books · doi:10.53288/0381.1.00 · Cited by 5
A borderland analytic: Thinking uneven development from the U.S.–Mexico borderlands
Ebner, N. (2023) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1177/0308518x231172201 · Cited by 5
Towards abolitionist agrarian geographies of Kentucky
Graddy‐Lovelace, G. (2023) · Environment and Planning E Nature and Space · doi:10.1177/25148486231187795 · Cited by 6
Fugitive Rivers: Maroon Ecologies and Édouard Glissant’s La Lézarde
Duncan, I. (2023) · Green Letters · doi:10.1080/14688417.2023.2275653 · Cited by 5
Racial Geographies of Land and Domestic Service in Panama
Mollett, S. (2023) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2022.2150596 · Cited by 5
Reimagining the urban through agency as healing justice: Stories from Kolkata and Chicago
Biswas, R., & Sweet, E. L. (2024) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1177/00420980241249070 · Cited by 4
Ferretti, F. (2024) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.13068 · Cited by 4
Culture and historic value as ways of understanding complex human health-ocean linkages
Wester, J., Broad, K., Backe, K. H., Callwood, K. A., Fielding, R., Jacquet, J., Macdonald, C. C., & Moore, A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95227-9.00012-9 · Cited by 4
From displacement to statehood: The ecological and political metamorphosis of Accompong marronage
Widengård, M. (2025) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106948 · Cited by 4
Geographies of revolution: Prefiguration and spaces of alterity in Latin American radicalism
Ferretti, F. (2022) · Environment and Planning C Politics and Space · doi:10.1177/23996544211063163 · Cited by 4
Containing the intertidal island: Negotiating island onto-epistemological visibility and plurality
Martínez, E. B. (2024) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103145 · Cited by 4
Crane, N. J., Ergler, C. R., Griffin, P., Holton, M., Rhiney, K., Robinson, C., & Simon, G. L. (2023) · Geography Compass · doi:10.1111/gec3.12676 · Cited by 3
Favini, J. (2023) · ACME · doi:10.7202/1107309ar · Cited by 3
Reassembling the politics of “Green” urban redevelopment in East Garfield Park: A Polanyian approach
Jon, I. (2024) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1177/0308518x231221019 · Cited by 3
Thinking from multiple oceans: historical and elemental lineages and futures of ocean geography(s)
Steinberg, P. E. (2025) · Social & Cultural Geography · doi:10.1080/14649365.2025.2476507 · Cited by 3
Geographies of slavery in the Les Malouines/Las Malvinas/Falklands Islands: The Maroon connection
Guillen, A. L. Z. (2024) · Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers · doi:10.1111/tran.12711 · Cited by 2
Marronage and Philadelphia’s Housing Justice Fight
Johnson, S. (2022) · Radical Housing Journal · doi:10.54825/jnvu2587 · Cited by 2
de Laforcade, G. (2023) · Humanities · doi:10.3390/h12030036 · Cited by 2
Underhill, V. (2022) · Catalyst Feminism Theory Technoscience · doi:10.28968/cftt.v8i2.36623 · Cited by 2
Tamboli, V. (2023) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.12941 · Cited by 2
Grassland Geopoetics: Son Jarocho and the Black Sense of Place of Plantations and Pastures
de Ita, D. A. (2023) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.12999 · Cited by 2
“Regarding the pain of others”: urban geography after empathy
Jon, I. (2023) · Urban Geography · doi:10.1080/02723638.2023.2279415 · Cited by 2
Public housing, homeplaces, and entangled spatial strategies of Black freedom
Domosh, M. (2024) · Urban Geography · doi:10.1080/02723638.2024.2435217 · Cited by 1
Reflexões metodológicas sobre as Black Geographies nos Estados Unidos
Cirqueira, D. M., & Bledsoe, A. (2023) · Revista da ANPEGE · doi:10.5418/ra2023.v19i38.15748 · Cited by 1
Waiting on the Tide: Climate Change, Cultural Heritage, and Legacies of Anti-Blackness at Fort Mose
Ibarrola, M. E. (2025) · Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage · doi:10.1080/21619441.2025.2557749 · Cited by 1
Franzen, S., & Bascomb, L. T. (2021) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.12793 · Cited by 1
Sticky Space: Toxicity and Time in a New England City
Potts, R. L. (2022) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.12822 · Cited by 1
Landscape and its possible “new” relevance: ethics and some forgotten narratives on human mobility
Bonfiglioli, S. (2023) · Geographica Helvetica · doi:10.5194/gh-78-267-2023 · Cited by 1
Adscheid, T. (2024) · Radical Housing Journal · doi:10.54825/hmol4671 · Cited by 1
Pigs, waste, and creative extraction: racialised uneven development in Eastern North Carolina
Eccles, S., & Stoddard, E. A. (2025) · Local Environment · doi:10.1080/13549839.2025.2450494 · Cited by 1
Palm Oil Diaspora: Afro-Brazilian Landscapes and Economies on Bahia's Dendê Coast
Watkins, C. (2021) · Cited by 1
Watkins, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778893.006
Watkins, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778893.003
Assembling an Afro-Brazilian Economy
Watkins, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778893.002
Watkins, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778893.009
(2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778893.010
Watkins, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778893.001
Landscapes, Religions, Transitions
Watkins, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778893.007
Watkins, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778893.004
Watkins, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778893.008
Watkins, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108778893.011
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024613-005
Political Ecologies of Austerity
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024613-007
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024613-004
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024613-002
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024613-011
The Garden is a Weapon in the War
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024613-008
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024613-003
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024613-006
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024613-009
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024613-010
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024613-001
Metadata
- Authors
- Wright, W. J.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wright, Willie Jamaal
- Venue
- Annals of the American Association of Geographers
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-10-22
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1134-1149
- ISSN
- 2469-4452 (ISSN-L)
- 2469-4460
- OpenAlex
- W2982149157
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 143
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 155.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of the American Association of Geographers (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Colonialism, slavery, and trade
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Historical Geography and Geographical Thought
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Spatial and Cultural Studies
- Keywords
- marronage, fugitivity, Black diaspora, freedom, landscape, geomorphology, spatial autonomy, uneven geographical development, values, Black communities, United States, Mexico, Vietnam
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review