Improving student peer feedback
Abstract
Instructors use peer feedback to afford students multiple assessments of their work and to help them acquire important lifelong skills. However, research finds that this type of feedback has questionable validity, reliability, and accuracy, and instructors consider much of it too uncritical, superficial, vague, and content-focused, among other things. This article posits that the typical judgment-based feedback questions give students emotionally charged tasks that they are cognitively ill equipped to perform well and that permit laxness. It then introduces an alternative that encourages neutral, informative, and thorough responses that add genuine value to the peer feedback process.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The quality of feedback depends not only on students' skills, but also on the feedback questions that students are asked.
“As Nilson (2003) noticed the quality of feedback does not only depend on student's skills, but also the feedback questions that students are asked.”
From Using learning analytics to understand student perceptions of peer feedback (2021) · cites this paper as Nilson (2003)
Cites
Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Development in the College Years; A Scheme
Perry, W. G. (1970) · Cited by 4,179 · see citing works
The Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
Seel, P. D. N. M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_6027 · Cited by 4,115 · see citing works
Taxonomy of educational objectives
(2014) · Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy · doi:10.4135/9781483346229.n326 · Cited by 2,480 · see citing works
Shipley, S. D., & Shipley, S. D. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-317-8_10 · Cited by 2,384 · see citing works
Peer Assessment between Students in Colleges and Universities
Topping, K. (1998) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.2307/1170598 · Cited by 2,173 · see citing works
The Impact of Classroom Evaluation Practices on Students
Crooks, T. J. (1988) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543058004438 · Cited by 1,369 · see citing works
The instructional effect of feedback in test-like events.
Bangert-Drowns, R. L., Kulik, C.-L. C., Kulik, J. A., & Morgan, M. (1991) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543061002213 · Cited by 1,313 · see citing works
The use of self-, peer and co-assessment in higher education: A review
Dochy, F., Segers, M., & Sluijsmans, D. (1999) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079912331379935 · Cited by 1,206 · see citing works
Boud, D. J., Cohen, R., & Sampson, J. (1999) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0260293990240405 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Enhancing Learning Through Self-assessment
Boud, D. J. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315041520 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
Enhancing learning through self-assessment
Vella, F. (1996) · Biochemical Education · doi:10.1016/0307-4412(96)82523-4 · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Developing lifelong learners through undergraduate education
Candy, P. C. (1994) · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Peer Feedback Marking: Developing Peer Assessment
Falchikov, N. (1995) · Innovations in Education and Training International · doi:10.1080/1355800950320212 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Research on Cooperative Learning: Consensus and Controversy.
Slavin, R. E. (1990) · Educational leadership · Cited by 352 · see citing works
The Importance of Marking Criteria in the Use of Peer Assessment
Orsmond, P., Merry, S. P., & Reiling, K. (1996) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0260293960210304 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
The Impact of Innovative Assessment on Student Learning
McDowell, L. (1995) · Innovations in Education and Training International · doi:10.1080/1355800950320402 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
STUDENT ATTITUDES TOWARDS APPROACHES TO LEARNING AND ASSESSMENT
Williams, E. (1992) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0260293920170105 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Using Self and Peer Assessment to Improve Students’ Essay Writing: a Case Study from Geography
Mowl, G., & Pain, R. (1995) · Innovations in Education and Training International · doi:10.1080/1355800950320404 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Peer and Self‐assessment at Tertiary Level ‐‐ an experiential report
Oldfield, K. A., & MacAlpine, J. M. K. (1995) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0260293950200113 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Peer Review: a Precursor to Peer Assessment
Pond, K., ul‐Haq, R., & Wade, W. B. (1995) · Innovations in Education and Training International · doi:10.1080/1355800950320403 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Peer Assessment in a Collaborative Hypermedia Environment: A Case Study.
Rushton, C. (1993) · The Journal of Computer Based Instruction · Cited by 84 · see citing works
IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF PEER MARKING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Fry, S. A. (1990) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0260293900150301 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Encouraging Your Students to Give Feedback
Svinicki, M. D. (2001) · New Directions for Teaching and Learning · doi:10.1002/tl.24 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Strachan, I. B., & Wilcox, S. (1996) · Journal of Geography in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03098269608709377 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Comparison of collaborative self, peer and tutor assessment in a biochemistry practical
Stefani, L. A. J. (1992) · Biochemical Education · doi:10.1016/0307-4412(92)90057-s · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Peer Rating in Higher Education
Dancer, W. T., & Dancer, J. E. (1992) · Journal of Education for Business · doi:10.1080/08832323.1992.10117564 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Power Play: The Use and Abuse of Power Relationships in Peer Critiquing.
Byard, V. (1989) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The nature of feedback: How different types of peer feedback affect writing performance
Nelson, M. M., & Schunn, C. D. (2009) · Instructional Science · doi:10.1007/s11251-008-9053-x · Cited by 602 · see citing works
van den Boom, G., Paas, F., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2007) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2007.09.003 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Patchan, M. M., Schunn, C. D., & Correnti, R. J. (2016) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000103 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Using learning analytics to understand student perceptions of peer feedback
Misiejuk, K., Wasson, B., & Egelandsdal, K. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106658 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Japanese L2 learners’ translanguaging practice in written peer feedback
Kim, S., & Chang, C.-H. (2022) · International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism · doi:10.1080/13670050.2020.1760201 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Raines, J. B., & Merenda, F. (2023) · Police Practice and Research · doi:10.1080/15614263.2022.2121281 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nilson, L. B.
- Affiliations
- Clemson University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nilson, Linda B.
- ORCID
- Nilson, Linda B.
- Venue
- College Teaching
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 34-38
- ISSN
- 1930-8299 (ISSN-L)
- 8756-7555
- OpenAlex
- W2006996167
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- College Teaching (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Student Assessment and Feedback
- Social Sciences › Education › Evaluation of Teaching Practices
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Keywords
- peer feedback, peer assessment, student self-assessment, feedback quality, university teaching
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review