Dynamic instability of individual microtubules analyzed by video light microscopy: rate constants and transition frequencies
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We have developed video microscopy methods to visualize the assembly and disassembly of individual microtubules at 33-ms intervals. Porcine brain tubulin, free of microtubule-associated proteins, was assembled onto axoneme fragments at 37 degrees C, and the dynamic behavior of the plus and minus ends of microtubules was analyzed for tubulin concentrations between 7 and 15.5 microM. Elongation and rapid shortening were distinctly different phases. At each end, the elongation phase was characterized by a second order association and a substantial first order dissociation reaction. Association rate constants were 8.9 and 4.3 microM-1 s-1 for the plus and minus ends, respectively; and the corresponding dissociation rate constants were 44 and 23 s-1. For both ends, the rate of tubulin dissociation equaled the rate of tubulin association at 5 microM. The rate of rapid shortening was similar at the two ends (plus = 733 s-1; minus = 915 s-1), and did not vary with tubulin concentration. Transitions between phases were abrupt and stochastic. As the tubulin concentration was increased, catastrophe frequency decreased at both ends, and rescue frequency increased dramatically at the minus end. This resulted in fewer rapid shortening phases at higher tubulin concentrations for both ends and shorter rapid shortening phases at the minus end. At each concentration, the frequency of catastrophe was slightly greater at the plus end, and the frequency of rescue was greater at the minus end. Our data demonstrate that microtubules assembled from pure tubulin undergo dynamic instability over a twofold range of tubulin concentrations, and that the dynamic instability of the plus and minus ends of microtubules can be significantly different. Our analysis indicates that this difference could produce treadmilling, and establishes general limits on the effectiveness of length redistribution as a measure of dynamic instability. Our results are consistent with the existence of a GTP cap during elongation, but are not consistent with existing GTP cap models.
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A higher tubulin concentration and consequently higher microtubule growth rate have a catastrophe-suppressing effect.
“indicating that a higher tubulin concentration and, consequently, a higher MT growth rate have a catastrophe-suppressing effect, in line with previously published data [20]”
From In vitro reconstitution of the functional interplay between MCAK and EB3 at microtubule plus ends (2010) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Walker, R. A., O'Brien, E. T., Pryer, N. K., Soboeiro, M. F., Voter, W. A., Erickson, H. P., & Salmon, E. D.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-3280.
- Venue
- The Journal of Cell Biology
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 1988-10-01
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1437-1448
- ISSN
- 0021-9525 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-8140
- PMC
- PMC2115242
- OpenAlex
- W2015005644
- Cited by
- 980
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 10.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- The Journal of Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM24364, GM 28553)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Keywords
- microtubule dynamic instability, GTP cap, treadmilling
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Guanosine Triphosphate, Kinetics, Microtubules, Protein Binding, Swine, Tubulin, Video Recording, In Vitro Techniques
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