The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Knockdown of the survival motor neuron (Smn) protein in zebrafish causes defects in motor axon outgrowth and pathfinding
Open accessAbstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a loss of α motoneurons in the spinal cord. SMA is caused by low levels of the ubiquitously expressed survival motor neuron (Smn) protein. As it is unclear how low levels of Smn specifically affect motoneurons, we have modeled SMA in zebrafish, a vertebrate model organism with well-characterized motoneuron development. Using antisense morpholinos to reduce Smn levels throughout the entire embryo, we found motor axon–specific pathfinding defects. Reduction of Smn in individual motoneurons revealed that smn is acting cell autonomously. These results show for the first time, in vivo, that Smn functions in motor axon development and suggest that these early developmental defects may lead to subsequent motoneuron loss.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish
Kimmel, C. B., Ballard, W. W., Kimmel, S. R., Ullmann, B., & Schilling, T. F. (1995) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/aja.1002030302 · Cited by 12,037
Identification and characterization of a spinal muscular atrophy-determining gene
Lefebvre, S., Bürglen, L., Reboullet, S., Clermont, O., Burlet, P., Viollet, L., Benichou, B., Cruaud, C., Millasseau, P., Zeviani, M., et al. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90460-3 · Cited by 3,990
The Molecular Biology of Axon Guidance
Tessier-Lavigne, M., & Goodman, C. S. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5290.1123 · Cited by 3,278
Effective targeted gene ‘knockdown’ in zebrafish
Nasevicius, A., & Ekker, S. C. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/79951 · Cited by 2,483
Lorson, C. L., Hahnen, E., Androphy, E. J., & Wirth, B. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.11.6307 · Cited by 1,532
Correlation between severity and SMN protein level in spinal muscular atrophy
Lefebvre, S., Burlet, P., Liu, Q., Bertrandy, S., Clermont, O., Munnich, A., Dreyfuss, G., & Melki, J. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0797-265 · Cited by 1,100
Monani, U. R. (1999) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/8.7.1177 · Cited by 954
Self-citationThisse, C., Thisse, B., Schilling, T. F., & Postlethwait, J. H. (1993) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.119.4.1203 · Cited by 877
A novel nuclear structure containing the survival of motor neurons protein.
Liu, Q., & Dreyfuss, G. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00725.x · Cited by 780
Headwaters of the zebrafish — emergence of a new model vertebrate
Grunwald, D. J., & Eisen, J. S. (2002) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg892 · Cited by 733
Cited by
Spinal muscular atrophy: why do low levels of survival motor neuron protein make motor neurons sick?
Burghes, A. H. M., & Beattie, C. E. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2670 · Cited by 723
Self-citationAkten, B., Kye, M. J., Hao, L. T., Wertz, M. H., Singh, S., Nie, D., Huang, J., Merianda, T. T., Twiss, J. L., Beattie, C. E., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1104928108 · Cited by 203
Self-citationSpinal muscular atrophy—recent therapeutic advances for an old challenge
Faravelli, I., Nizzardo, M., Comi, G. P., & Corti, S. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2015.77 · Cited by 138
Hubers, L., Valderrama-Carvajal, H., Laframboise, J., Timbers, J., Sanchez, G., & Côté, J. (2011) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddq500 · Cited by 138
Motor neuron mitochondrial dysfunction in spinal muscular atrophy
Miller, N., Shi, H., Zelikovich, A. S., & Ma, Y.-C. (2016) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddw262 · Cited by 119
Metadata
- Authors
- McWhorter, M. L., Monani, U. R., Burghes, A. H. M., & Beattie, C. E.
- Venue
- The Journal of Cell Biology
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 2003-09-01
- Volume
- 162
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 919-932
- ISSN
- 0021-9525 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-8140
- OpenAlex
- W2131951074
- Cited by
- 423
- References
- 69
- FWCI
- 7.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Knockdown of the survival motor neuron (Smn) protein in zebrafish causes defects in motor axon outgrowth and pathfinding. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1083/jcb.200303168
- The paper
- McWhorter, M. L., Monani, U. R., Burghes, A. H. M., & Beattie, C. E. (2003). Knockdown of the survival motor neuron (Smn) protein in zebrafish causes defects in motor axon outgrowth and pathfinding. The Journal of Cell Biology. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200303168
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
