The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Structure–function insights into direct lipid transfer between membranes by Mmm1–Mdm12 of ERMES
Open accessAbstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondrial encounter structure (ERMES) physically links the membranes of the ER and mitochondria in yeast. Although the ER and mitochondria cooperate to synthesize glycerophospholipids, whether ERMES directly facilitates the lipid exchange between the two organelles remains controversial. Here, we compared the x-ray structures of an ERMES subunit Mdm12 from Kluyveromyces lactis with that of Mdm12 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and found that both Mdm12 proteins possess a hydrophobic pocket for phospholipid binding. However in vitro lipid transfer assays showed that Mdm12 alone or an Mmm1 (another ERMES subunit) fusion protein exhibited only a weak lipid transfer activity between liposomes. In contrast, Mdm12 in a complex with Mmm1 mediated efficient lipid transfer between liposomes. Mutations in Mmm1 or Mdm12 impaired the lipid transfer activities of the Mdm12–Mmm1 complex and furthermore caused defective phosphatidylserine transport from the ER to mitochondrial membranes via ERMES in vitro. Therefore, the Mmm1–Mdm12 complex functions as a minimal unit that mediates lipid transfer between membranes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Mdm12, Mdm34, and Mmm1 have synaptotagmin-like mitochondrial-lipid-binding protein (SMP) domains [24], and the ERMES complex mediates lipid transport [25,26].”
From In Candida glabrata, ERMES Component GEM1 Controls Mitochondrial Morphology, mtROS, and Drug Efflux Pump Expression, Resulting in Azole Susceptibility (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES
Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5 · Cited by 65,189 · cited 1×
“ScMdm12-bound lipids as well as total lipids were extracted from E. coli cells, without coexpression of Mmm1, using the Folch procedure (Folch et al., 1957).”
MethodComparison of simple potential functions for simulating liquid water
Jorgensen, W. L., Chandrasekhar, J., Madura, J., Impey, R., & Klein, M. (1983) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.445869 · Cited by 38,397 · cited 2×
“The force fields were AMB ER ff99SB (Hornak et al., 2006), Lipid11 (Skjevik et al., 2012), and TIP3P water model (Jorgensen et al., 1983) for Mdm12, POPC, and explicit water molecules, respectively.”
BackgroundMethod[20] Processing of X-ray diffraction data collected in oscillation mode
Otwinowski, Z., & Minor, W. (1997) · Methods in Enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(97)76066-x · Cited by 33,475
Molecular dynamics with coupling to an external bath
Berendsen, H. J. C., Postma, J. P. M., van Gunsteren, W. F., DiNola, A., & Haak, J. R. (1984) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.448118 · Cited by 31,057 · cited 2×
“Pressure regulation was achieved with isotropic position scaling, a Berendsen barostat (Berendsen et al., 1984) of ∼1 atm, and a pressure relaxation time of 1 ps. Bonds involving hydrogen were constrained using the SHA KE algorithm (Ryckaert et al., 1977).”
MethodFeatures and development of Coot
Emsley, P., Lohkamp, B., Scott, W. G., & Cowtan, K. (2010) · Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0907444910007493 · Cited by 29,915 · cited 2×
“The structure was refined by refmac5 (Murshudov et al., 2011) and CNS (Brünger et al., 1998), and manual model building was performed by Coot (Emsley et al., 2010).”
Particle mesh Ewald: An N⋅log(N) method for Ewald sums in large systems
Darden, T., York, D., & Pedersen, L. (1993) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.464397 · Cited by 29,638 · cited 2×
“using particle mesh Ewald method (Darden et al., 1993) to treat long-”
MethodPHENIX : a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution
Adams, P. D., Afonine, P. V., Bunkóczi, G., Chen, V. B., Davis, I. W., Echols, N., Headd, J. J., Hung, L.-W., Kapral, G. J., Grosse-Kunstleve, R. W., et al. (2010) · Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0907444909052925 · Cited by 23,716 · cited 1×
“The phase problem was solved by an automated software suite (PHE NIX; Adams et al., 2010) using single-wavelength anomalous dispersion data from the crystals of SeMet-labeled HMdm12.”
MethodRyckaert, J.-P., Ciccotti, G., & Berendsen, H. J. C. (1977) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1016/0021-9991(77)90098-5 · Cited by 21,430 · cited 2×
“Pressure regulation was achieved with isotropic position scaling, a Berendsen barostat (Berendsen et al., 1984) of ∼1 atm, and a pressure relaxation time of 1 ps. Bonds involving hydrogen were constrained using the SHA KE algorithm (Ryckaert et al., 1977).”
MethodPhaser crystallographic software
McCoy, A. J., Grosse-Kunstleve, R. W., Adams, P. D., Winn, M. D., Storoni, L. C., & Read, R. J. (2007) · Journal of Applied Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0021889807021206 · Cited by 20,612 · cited 1×
“The structures of native or chemically modified proteins were solved by the molecular replacement method using the constructed model from SeMet-labeled HMdm12 as a search model by PHA SER (McCoy et al., 2007) in the CCP4 suite (Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4, 1994).”
MethodThe CCP4 suite: programs for protein crystallography
Number Collaborative Computational Project (1994) · Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0907444994003112 · Cited by 17,317 · cited 2×
“To monitor lipid transfer between liposomes via the HMmm1s– Mdm12 complex and MBP-HMmm1s, we adopted fluorescent dequenching assays as described previously (Connerth et al., 2012; Watanabe et al., 2015; Miyata et al., 2016).”
Method
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–154 of 154
Odendall, F., Backes, S., Tatsuta, T., Weill, U., Schuldiner, M., Langer, T., Herrmann, J. M., Rapaport, D., & Dimmer, K. S. (2019) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e19-03-0166 · Cited by 8
“The main function of the ERMES complex seems to be its role in lipid exchange and it was the first mitochondrial tethering complex for which direct binding of lipid molecules was shown (AhYoung et al. , 2015; Kawano et al. , 2018).”
Ltc1 localization by EMC regulates cell membrane fluidity to facilitate membrane protein biogenesis
Berraquero, M., Tallada, V. A., & Jiménez, J. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.112096 · Cited by 6
“…could be exerted indirectly, by assisting the biogenesis of ER-mitochondria docking factors such as ERMES (ER–mitochondria encounter structure) 20,23 or Lam6/Ltc1, a TMD-protein that enables sterol trafficking at ER-PM and ER-vesicles contacts in S. pombe cells 17 and the ER-mitochondria and…”
Könnel, A., Bugaeva, W., Gügel, I. L., & Philippar, K. (2018) · Biochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1139/bcb-2018-0150 · Cited by 7
Tamura, Y., Kojima, R., & Endo, T. (2019) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9136-5_6 · Cited by 7
Metabolic channeling of lipids via the contact zones between different organelles
Hanada, K. (2024) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.202400045 · Cited by 6
“[93,94] An integrative structural biology approach recently demonstrated that the ERMES has zig-zag conformations bridging between the ER and MOM in yeast cells.”
Determining the Lipid-Binding Specificity of SMP Domains: An ERMES Subunit as a Case Study
AhYoung, A. P., & Egea, P. F. (2019) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9136-5_16 · Cited by 6
In vitro reconstitution of autophagic processes
Alam, J. M., & Noda, N. N. (2020) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20200130 · Cited by 6
Multiple tethers of organelle contact sites are involved in α-synuclein toxicity in yeast
Vecchio, M. D., Amado, L., Cogan, A. P., Meert, E. M. K., Rosseels, J., Franssens, V., Govers, S. K., Winderickx, J., & Montoro, A. G. (2023) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e23-01-0029 · Cited by 4
“This complex forms a tether between the mitochondria and the ER that is important for lipid exchange and mitochondrial function (Xue et al., 2017; Kawano et al., 2018; Kornmann, 2020).”
BackgroundMillot, P., Duquesne, L., San, C., Porte, B., Pujol, C., Hosten, B., Hugon, J., Paquet, C., & Mouton‐Liger, F. (2025) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2025.105979 · Cited by 7
“We did not analyze MERC proteins complexes like Mmm1-Mdm12-Mdm34/Mdm10 mainly expressed in yeast (Kawano et al., 2018) and PTPIP51-VAPB whose important location in synapses makes specific analysis challenging in MERCs (G ´ omez-Suaga et al., 2019).”
Shiino, H., Furuta, S., Kojima, R., Kimura, K., Endo, T., & Tamura, Y. (2020) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.15657 · Cited by 5
Mitochondrially tethered Mmm1 can function as a sole lipid transporter at ER–mitochondria contacts
Covill‐Cooke, C., Hirashima, T., Kawano, S., Ganellin, J., Moody, A., van Schie, S. N. S., Peter, A. T. J., Saito, C., Endo, T., & Kornmann, B. (2026) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.202411196 · Cited by 4
Kučerová, J., Zdrha, A., Shinde, A. P., Harant, K., Hrdý, I., & Tachezy, J. (2023) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-023-01765-1 · Cited by 4
“As Mmm1 was shown to form a homodimer [3], the assembly of two channels has been proposed, in which one Mmm1 subunit interacts with Mdm12 and the second with Mmm2 (Model II) [32], or the two channels may each consist of Mmm1/Mdm12/ Mmm2 subunits (Model III) [49].”
BackgroundLipid transfer at mitochondrial membrane contact sites
Chu, Q., & Ji, W.-K. (2024) · Mitochondrial Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mitoco.2024.11.002 · Cited by 4
Exploring mitochondrial dynamics and localization under cellular stress: A comprehensive insight
Agarwal, S., Karuppusamy, K. A., & Gupta, A. K. (2025) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-025-00514-6 · Cited by 4
“2016; Kawano et al .”
Phospholipid transfer by ERMES components
Endo, T., Tamura, Y., & Kawano, S. (2018) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.101434 · Cited by 3
Interorganelle lipid flux revealed by enzymatic mass tagging in vivoPreprint
Peter, A. T. J., Peter, M., & Kornmann, B. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.08.27.457935 · Cited by 2
Jiang, Y., Kumar, S., & Turkewitz, A. P. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.111123 · Cited by 1
“56 The dispersal of ESCargo throughout the ER lumen in response to SLF was reversible.”
The molecular basis of tricalbin-mediated membrane contact site organization in cells
Ivanović, L., Boinet, A.-L., Picco, A., Zinn, E., Ross-Kaschitza, D., Kaksonen, M., & Kukulski, W. (2026) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.264421 · Cited by 1
Mitochondria in the middle of inter- organellar cross talk: insights from yeast to humans
Guaragnella, N., Noia, M. A. D., Morciano, G., & Primavera, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2026.1820168 · Cited by 1
“(AhYoung et al., 2015; Kawano et al., 2018; Mavuduru et al., 2024).”
Characterization of the putative yeast mitochondrial triacylglycerol lipase Tgl2
Tiku, V., Fakih, Z., Tatsuta, T., Jung, M., Rapaport, D., & Dimmer, K. S. (2025) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.108217 · Cited by 2
Miyata, N., & Kuge, O. (2018) · Contact · doi:10.1177/2515256418764043 · Cited by 1
Martinez-Guzman, O., Willoughby, M. M., Saini, A. G., Dietz, J. V., Bohovych, I., Medlock, A. E., Khalimonchuk, O., & Reddi, A. R. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/734780 · Cited by 1
“phosphatidylserine (PS), between the ER and mitochondria (Kawano et al., 2018; Kornmann et al., 2009; Nguyen et al., 2012).”
BackgroundCharacterization of Tgl2, a putative lipase in yeast mitochondriaPreprint
Tiku, V., Tatsuta, T., Jung, M., Rapaport, D., & Dimmer, K. S. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.05.08.593122 · Cited by 1
“The ERMES complex was the first of such mitochondrial tethers to be recognized, and has been now thoroughly elucidated (42–44).”
BackgroundFunctional analysis of membrane contact sites in C. elegans early embryogenesis
Jeyasimman, D. (2021) · DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) · doi:10.32657/10356/152202
Cnm1: A bridge between mitochondria and nuclear ER
Casler, J. C., & Lackner, L. L. (2021) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.202109021
The structural organization and functions of the ERMES complex in fungi
Wei, W., Zheng, B., & Fu, C. (2021) · Scientia Sinica Vitae · doi:10.1360/ssv-2021-0141
Tareste, D. C. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.736222100.793563936
Graef, M. (2020) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.736131597.793572494
Stieger, B. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.735222271.793558137
Molecular characterization of protein-dependent lipid transport during mitochondrial biogenesis
Sadeqi, F. (2022) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-9236
Kučerová, J., Zdrha, A., Shinde, A. P., Harant, K., Hrdý, I., & Tachezy, J. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24571806
Hu, X., Cai, Y., & Ji, W.-K. (2024) · Contact · doi:10.1177/25152564241273646
“For instance, it remains controversial whether ERMES directly transfers PS from the ER to mitochondria (Kawano et al., 2018; Nguyen et al., 2012).”
BackgroundEMC regulates cell membrane fluidity to facilitate biogenesis of membrane proteinsPreprint
Berraquero, M., Tallada, V. A., & Jiménez, J. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.15.618411
Compositional Flexibility of the ER-Mitochondria Encounter StructurePreprint
Covill‐Cooke, C., Hirashima, T., Kawano, S., Ganellin, J., Moody, A., van Schie, S. N. S., Peter, A. T. J., Saito, C., Endo, T., & Kornmann, B. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.11.26.625358
Emerging dimensions of mitochondrial specialization
Ast, T. (2025) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/hsz-2025-0210
Park, J.-S., Nguyen, H., Cheng, M. H., Bahar, İ., & Neiman, A. M. (2025) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/iyaf267
Kučerová, J., Zdrha, A., Shinde, A. P., Harant, K., Hrdý, I., & Tachezy, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24572198
Kučerová, J., Zdrha, A., Shinde, A. P., Harant, K., Hrdý, I., & Tachezy, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26640469
Kučerová, J., Zdrha, A., Shinde, A. P., Harant, K., Hrdý, I., & Tachezy, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26640475
Kučerová, J., Zdrha, A., Shinde, A. P., Harant, K., Hrdý, I., & Tachezy, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26640481
Kučerová, J., Zdrha, A., Shinde, A. P., Harant, K., Hrdý, I., & Tachezy, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26640478
Kučerová, J., Zdrha, A., Shinde, A. P., Harant, K., Hrdý, I., & Tachezy, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26640472
Mitochondrial quality control : roles of autophagy, mitophagy and the proteasome
Vigié, P. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/08c6fa51z11c0z4ca1z88a9z5ef624427183
The role of organelle-contact sites in lipid transport
Tamura, Y. (2025) · PLANT MORPHOLOGY · doi:10.5685/plmorphol.37.19
Shi, W. O., Ingle, T. M., Perez, M. W., Griffith, W. P., Chen, L. Y., Seshu, J., & Renthal, R. D. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.04.722819
“A possible trigger for opening a TULIP2 lipid-binding pocket could be interaction with lipid bilayers, interactions known in other TULIPs 53 .”
Neuronal VPS13A depletion links diacylglycerol PKC signaling and synaptic spines
Besa-Selva, G., García-García, E., Ramón-Lainez, A., Escaramís, G., Garcia‐Segura, P., Malagelada, C., Martı́, E., Alberch, J., Masana, M., & Rodríguez, M. J. (2026) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-026-02649-w
“Structural analysis further revealed that the DAG species increased in VPS13A-KD tissue share structural similarities, suggesting possible specificity in VPS13A lipid transport, as seen in its yeast homolog VPS13 [42, 43].”
Prem, R., Avery, E., Marquez, J. M., Chi, X., & Claypool, S. M. (2026) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2026.101083 · Cited by 1
“The ER-mitochondria bridging ERMES complex consists of four subunits (76), three of which (Mdm12, Mdm34, and Mmm1) have synaptotagmin-like mitochondrial lipid-binding protein domains that form hydrophobic tunnels important for lipid flux between organelles (18, 77).”
Molecular mechanisms of E-Syt-mediated stress resistancePreprint
Benítez‐Fuente, F., Collado, J., Morello‐López, J., Pagano-Márquez, R., Ruiz‐López, N., Keller, J., Botella, M. A., & Fernández‐Busnadiego, R. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.23.733366
Dupas, S., Chauvel, I., Bousquet, F., Cortot, J., Kelle, N., Bourgeois, M., Boichot, V., Bonnotte, A., Avoscan, L., Musso, P., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.25.734463
Mitochondrial membrane remodeling in stress adaptation: Lipid control of organelle quality
Reichert, L., Vögtle, F. ‐., & Peselj, C. (2026) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.70703
“In particular, close contacts between the ER — the major site of cellular lipid biosynthesis — and mitochondria support the exchange of lipid precursors required for mitochondrial membrane bio-genesis (Kawano et al., 2018; Lahiri et al., 2014).”
Mitochondria–Endoplasmic Reticulum Crosstalk in Pancreatic β-Cell Stress: A Driver of Diabetes
Niinuma, S. A., Takemoto, A. S.-N., Khalil, W. J., Butler, A. E., & Moin, A. S. M. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15191733
“A complex of Mmm1–Mdm12, two core subunits of the ER–mitochondrial encounter structure (ER-MES) in yeast, was reported to be essential for phospholipid transfer between membranes in vitro [166].”
Tri-Organelle Contact Sites Integrate Metabolic Function in Health and Disease
Mukunda, S. G., Khan, M. M., Marshall, A., Hinton, A., & Katti, P. (2026) · Contact · doi:10.1177/25152564261496636
Large-scale tubular and tubular-lamellar intracellular membrane systems of fungi
Mazheika, I. S., Voronko, O. V., & Kamzolkina, O. V. (2026) · PROTOPLASMA · doi:10.1007/s00709-026-02270-2
Metadata
- Authors
- Kawano, S., Tamura, Y., Kojima, R., Bala, S., Asai, E., Michel, A. H., Kornmann, B., Riezman, I., Riezman, H., Sakae, Y., Okamoto, Y., & Endo, T.
- Affiliations
- Kyoto Sangyo University (JP)
- Yamagata University (JP)
- Nagoya University (JP)
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland 9
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Endo, Toshiya
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Cell Biology
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 2017-12-26
- Volume
- 217
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 959-974
- ISSN
- 0021-9525 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-8140
- PMC
- PMC5839780
- OpenAlex
- W2777157902
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 14
- FWCI
- 8.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Cell Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- ETH Zürich Research Collection
- Funders
- Japan Society of the Promotion of Science (25840020, 17K18230, 15H05595, 15H05705, 2222703)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JPMJCR12M1)
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- National Centre of Competence in Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Keywords
- ERMES, lipid transfer, endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts, phosphatidylserine transport, glycerophospholipid biosynthesis, Kluyveromyces lactis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, protein structure, membrane lipid exchange
- MeSH terms
- Biological Transport, Active, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Kluyveromyces, Membrane Proteins, Phospholipids, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Structure-Activity Relationship, Mitochondrial Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Multiprotein Complexes, Mitochondrial Membranes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review